--- title: 1 Samuel 14:6 — And Jonathan said to the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and l… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Jonathan said to the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised; it may be that the LORD will work for us; for there is no restraint to the LORD to save by many or by few.' Who acts: Jonathan, young man, us, LORD. 1 Samuel 14:6 in Hebrew wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:6 # 1 Samuel 14:6 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Jonathan, young man, us, LORD, restraint · **What happens:** say, bear, come, let, go over, be · **To what, where:** armour, us, garrison · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 14:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, young man, us, LORD, restraint — and what happens in the verse to armour, us, garrison, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־הַנַּ֣עַר ׀ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו לְכָה֙ וְנַעְבְּרָ֗ה אֶל־מַצַּב֙ הָעֲרֵלִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אוּלַ֛י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לָ֑נוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין לַֽיהוָה֙ מַעְצ֔וֹר לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ בְּרַ֖ב א֥וֹ בִמְעָֽט׃ [And Jonathan said to the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised; it may be that the LORD will work for us; for there is no restraint to the LORD to save by many or by few.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.334/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:301 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־הַנַּ֣עַר ׀ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו לְכָה֙ וְנַעְבְּרָ֗ה אֶל־מַצַּב֙ הָעֲרֵלִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אוּלַ֛י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לָ֑נוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין לַֽיהוָה֙ מַעְצ֔וֹר לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ בְּרַ֖ב א֥וֹ בִמְעָֽט׃ # verse = 1SA.14.6 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:6!1|MId=o090140060011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_14:6!1|MId=o090140060012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090140060021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן יְהוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_14:6!2|MId=o090140060021|Strong=3083 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:6!3|MId=o090140060031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַנַּ֣עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the.young|Ref=1SA_14:6!4|MId=o090140060041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 נַּ֣עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_14:6!4|MId=o090140060042|Strong=5288 7 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:6!4 8 נֹשֵׂ֣א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 6 appos _ Gloss=the.bearer|Ref=1SA_14:6!5|MId=o090140060051|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:090140060042;A1:090140060061;|Type=participle_active 9-10 כֵלָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 כֵלָ֗י כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.armor(s)|Ref=1SA_14:6!6|MId=o090140060061|Strong=3627 10 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_14:6!6|MId=o090140060062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 לְכָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְכ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=come|Ref=1SA_14:6!7|MId=o090140060071|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090140060042;|Type=imperative 12 ָה֙ ה X _ _ 11 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_14:6!7|MId=o090140060072|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 13-14 וְנַעְבְּרָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:6!8|MId=o090140060081|Strong=2050b 14 נַעְבְּרָ֗ה עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 11 conj _ Gloss=let.us.pass.over|Ref=1SA_14:6!8|MId=o090140060082|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:090140060021;090140060042;|Type=cohortative 15 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:6!9|MId=o090140060091|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 16 מַצַּב֙ מַצָּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=the.garrison|Ref=1SA_14:6!10|MId=o090140060101|Strong=4673 17-18 הָעֲרֵלִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_14:6!11|MId=o090140060111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עֲרֵלִ֣ים עָרֵל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.uncircumcised.[men]|Ref=1SA_14:6!11|MId=o090140060112|Strong=6189|Type=adjective 19-20 הָאֵ֔לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_14:6!12|MId=o090140060121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 אֵ֔לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 18 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=1SA_14:6!12|MId=o090140060122|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 21 אוּלַ֛י אוּלַי ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=perhaps|Ref=1SA_14:6!13|MId=o090140060131|Strong=0194 22 יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.act|Ref=1SA_14:6!14|MId=o090140060141|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:090140060151;|Type=yiqtol 23 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 22 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_14:6!15|MId=o090140060151|Strong=3068 24-25 לָ֑נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ל לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_14:6!16|MId=o090140060161|Strong=3807a 25 ָ֑נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=1SA_14:6!16|MId=o090140060162|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 26 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_14:6!17|MId=o090140060171|Strong=3588 27 אֵ֤ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 11 advcl _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=1SA_14:6!18|MId=o090140060181|Strong=0369|Type=negative 28-29 לַֽיהוָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_14:6!19|MId=o090140060191|Strong=3807a 29 יהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 27 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_14:6!19|MId=o090140060192|Strong=3068 30 מַעְצ֔וֹר מַעְצוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=limitation|Ref=1SA_14:6!20|MId=o090140060201|Strong=4622 31-32 לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:6!21|MId=o090140060211|Strong=3807a 32 הוֹשִׁ֥יעַ יָשַׁע VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 27 advcl _ Gloss=save|Ref=1SA_14:6!21|MId=o090140060212|Strong=3467|Frame=A0:090140060192;|Type=infinitive_construct 33-34 בְּרַ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_14:6!22|MId=o090140060221|Strong=0871a 34 רַ֖ב רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=many|Ref=1SA_14:6!22|MId=o090140060222|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 35 א֥וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=1SA_14:6!23|MId=o090140060231|Strong=0176 36-37 בִמְעָֽט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_14:6!24|MId=o090140060241|Strong=0871a 37 מְעָֽט מְעַט ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 conj _ Gloss=few|Ref=1SA_14:6!24|MId=o090140060242|Strong=4592|Type=adjective 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:6!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | participle active · qal | נַּעַר *man* | כֵלָי *his armor(s)* | | | | **not** לְכ *come* | imperative · qal | נַּעַר *man* | | | | | נַעְבְּרָה *let us pass over* | cohortative · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* + נַּעַר *man* | | | | | יַעֲשֶׂה *he will act* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | הוֹשִׁיעַ *save* | infinitive construct · hiphil | יהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְהוֹנָתָן לְעוּלֵימָא נָטֵל זְיָנֵיהּ אִיתָא וְנֶעְבַּר לְאִסְטַרְטִיג עֲרֵלַיָא הָאִלֵין מָאִים יַעְבֵּיד יְיָ לָנָא נִסָא אֲרֵי לֵית קֳדָם יְיָ מַעְצוֹר לְמִפְרַק בְּסַגִיאֵי אוֹ בִזְעֵירֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Jonathan said to the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised; it may be that the LORD will work for us; for there is no restraint to the LORD to save by many or by few.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.334/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:301`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.5/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.7/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)