--- title: 1 Samuel 15:12 — And Samuel rose early to meet Saul in the morning; and it was told S… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Samuel rose early to meet Saul in the morning; and it was told Samuel, saying: 'Saul came to Carmel, and, behold, he is setting him up a monument, and is gone about, and passed on, and gone down to Gilgal.' Who acts: Samuel, Saul. 1 Samuel 15:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonatha --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.15.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/15/) / 15:12 # 1 Samuel 15:12 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Samuel, Saul · **What happens:** rise, meet, tell, say, come, set up · **To what, where:** Saul, thing, Samuel, Carmel, Gilgal · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 15:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Samuel, Saul — and what happens in the verse to Saul, thing, Samuel, Carmel, Gilgal, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֧ם שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל לִקְרַ֥את שָׁא֖וּל בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיֻּגַּ֨ד לִשְׁמוּאֵ֜ל לֵאמֹ֗ר בָּֽא־שָׁא֤וּל הַכַּרְמֶ֙לָה֙ וְהִנֵּ֨ה מַצִּ֥יב לוֹ֙ יָ֔ד וַיִּסֹּב֙ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֔ר וַיֵּ֖רֶד הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ [And Samuel rose early to meet Saul in the morning; and it was told Samuel, saying: 'Saul came to Carmel, and, behold, he is setting him up a monument, and is gone about, and passed on, and gone down to Gilgal.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.393/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:359 # text = וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֧ם שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל לִקְרַ֥את שָׁא֖וּל בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיֻּגַּ֨ד לִשְׁמוּאֵ֜ל לֵאמֹ֗ר בָּֽא־שָׁא֤וּל הַכַּרְמֶ֙לָה֙ וְהִנֵּ֨ה מַצִּ֥יב לוֹ֙ יָ֔ד וַיִּסֹּב֙ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֔ר וַיֵּ֖רֶד הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ # verse = 1SA.15.12 1-2 וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֧ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_15:12!1|MId=o090150120011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּשְׁכֵּ֧ם שָׁכַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.rose.early|Ref=1SA_15:12!1|MId=o090150120012|Strong=7925|Frame=A0:090150120021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Samuel|Ref=1SA_15:12!2|MId=o090150120021|Strong=8050 4-5 לִקְרַ֥את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_15:12!3|MId=o090150120031|Strong=3807a 5 קְרַ֥את קָרָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=1SA_15:12!3|MId=o090150120032|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:090150120021;A1:090150120041;|Type=infinitive_construct 6 שָׁא֖וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 5 obj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_15:12!4|MId=o090150120041|Strong=7586 7-9 בַּבֹּ֑קֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_15:12!5|MId=o090150120051|Strong=0871a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_15:12!5|MId=o090150120051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 בֹּ֑קֶר בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=morning|Ref=1SA_15:12!5|MId=o090150120052|Strong=1242 10-11 וַיֻּגַּ֨ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_15:12!6|MId=o090150120061|Strong=2050b 11 יֻּגַּ֨ד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.told|Ref=1SA_15:12!6|MId=o090150120062|Strong=5046|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 לִשְׁמוּאֵ֜ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_15:12!7|MId=o090150120071|Strong=3807a 13 שְׁמוּאֵ֜ל שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=Samuel|Ref=1SA_15:12!7|MId=o090150120072|Strong=8050 14-15 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 16 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_15:12!8|MId=o090150120081|Strong=3807a 15 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_15:12!8|MId=o090150120082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 בָּֽא־ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 advcl _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=1SA_15:12!9|MId=o090150120091|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090150120101;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 17 שָׁא֤וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 16 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_15:12!10|MId=o090150120101|Strong=7586 18-20 הַכַּרְמֶ֙לָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_15:12!11|MId=o090150120111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 כַּרְמֶ֙ל כַּרְמֶל PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_15:12!11|MId=o090150120112|Strong=3760 20 ָה֙ ה X _ _ 19 nmod _ Gloss=Carmel|Ref=1SA_15:12!11|MId=o090150120113|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 21-22 וְהִנֵּ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_15:12!12|MId=o090150120121|Strong=2050b 22 הִנֵּ֨ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 23 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=1SA_15:12!12|MId=o090150120122|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 23 מַצִּ֥יב נָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[he.was].setting.up|Ref=1SA_15:12!13|MId=o090150120131|Strong=5324|Frame=AA:090150120101;A0:090150120151;|Type=participle_active 24-25 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ל לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_15:12!14|MId=o090150120141|Strong=3807a 25 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=himself|Ref=1SA_15:12!14|MId=o090150120142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 יָ֔ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=a.monument|Ref=1SA_15:12!15|MId=o090150120151|Strong=3027 27-28 וַיִּסֹּב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_15:12!16|MId=o090150120161|Strong=2050b 28 יִּסֹּב֙ סָבַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.turned|Ref=1SA_15:12!16|MId=o090150120162|Strong=5437|Frame=A0:090150120101;|Type=wayyiqtol 29-30 וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_15:12!17|MId=o090150120171|Strong=2050b 30 יַּעֲבֹ֔ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.passed.on|Ref=1SA_15:12!17|MId=o090150120172|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:090150120101;|Type=wayyiqtol 31-32 וַיֵּ֖רֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_15:12!18|MId=o090150120181|Strong=2050b 32 יֵּ֖רֶד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went.down|Ref=1SA_15:12!18|MId=o090150120182|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:090150120101;|Type=wayyiqtol 33-34 הַגִּלְגָּֽל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_15:12!19|MId=o090150120191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 גִּלְגָּֽל גִּלְגָּל PROPN _ _ 32 obl _ Gloss=Gilgal|Ref=1SA_15:12!19|MId=o090150120192|Strong=1537 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=1SA_15:12!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּשְׁכֵּם *he rose early* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | | | | | קְרַאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | בָּֽא־ *he came* | qatal · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | מַצִּיב *\[he was\] setting up* | participle active · hiphil | יָד *a monument* | | | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | יִּסֹּב *he turned* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יַּעֲבֹר *he passed on* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יֵּרֶד *he went down* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַקְדִים שְׁמוּאֵל לָקֳדָמוּת שָׁאוּל בְּצַפְרָא וְאִתְחַוָא לִשְׁמוּאֵל לְמֵימַר אָתָא שָׁאוּל לְכַרְמֶלָא וְהָא מְתַקֵן לֵיהּ תַּמָן אֲתַר לְפַלְגָא בֵיהּ בִּיזְתָא וְאִסְתְּחַר וַעֲבַד וּנְחַת לְגִלְגָלָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Samuel rose early to meet Saul in the morning; and it was told Samuel, saying: 'Saul came to Carmel, and, behold, he is setting him up a monument, and is gone about, and passed on, and gone down to Gilgal.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.393/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:359`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 15:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.15.11/) - next →: [1 Samuel 15:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.15.13/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/15/)