--- title: 1 Samuel 16:18 — Then answered one of the young men, and said: 'Behold, I have seen a… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then answered one of the young men, and said: 'Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Beth-lehemite, that is skilful in playing, and a mighty man of valour, and a man of war, and prudent in affairs, and a comely person, and the LORD is with him.' Who acts: one, I, son, LORD. 1 Samuel 16:18 in Hebrew --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/16/) / 16:18 # 1 Samuel 16:18 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** one, I, son, LORD · **What happens:** answer, say, see, be, play · **To what, where:** son, affairs · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 16:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — one, I, son, LORD — and what happens in the verse to son, affairs, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעַן֩ אֶחָ֨ד מֵהַנְּעָרִ֜ים וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֨ה רָאִ֜יתִי בֵּ֣ן לְיִשַׁי֮ בֵּ֣ית הַלַּחְמִי֒ בֵּ֣ית הַלַּחְמִי֒ יֹדֵ֣עַ נַ֠גֵּן וְגִבּ֨וֹר חַ֜יִל וְאִ֧ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֛ה וּנְב֥וֹן דָּבָ֖ר וְאִ֣ישׁ תֹּ֑אַר וַיהוָ֖ה עִמּֽוֹ׃ [Then answered one of the young men, and said: 'Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Beth-lehemite, that is skilful in playing, and a mighty man of valour, and a man of war, and prudent in affairs, and a comely person, and the LORD is with him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.446/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:400 # text = וַיַּעַן֩ אֶחָ֨ד מֵהַנְּעָרִ֜ים וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֨ה רָאִ֜יתִי בֵּ֣ן לְיִשַׁי֮ בֵּ֣ית הַלַּחְמִי֒ בֵּ֣ית הַלַּחְמִי֒ יֹדֵ֣עַ נַ֠גֵּן וְגִבּ֨וֹר חַ֜יִל וְאִ֧ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֛ה וּנְב֥וֹן דָּבָ֖ר וְאִ֣ישׁ תֹּ֑אַר וַיהוָ֖ה עִמּֽוֹ׃ # verse = 1SA.16.18 1-2 וַיַּעַן֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:18!1|MId=o090160180011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעַן֩ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.answered|Ref=1SA_16:18!1|MId=o090160180012|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:090160180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶחָ֨ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=one|Ref=1SA_16:18!2|MId=o090160180021|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 4-6 מֵהַנְּעָרִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_16:18!3|MId=o090160180031|Strong=4480 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the.young|Ref=1SA_16:18!3|MId=o090160180032|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 נְּעָרִ֜ים נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nmod _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_16:18!3|MId=o090160180033|Strong=5288 7-8 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:18!4|MId=o090160180041|Strong=2050b 8 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_16:18!4|MId=o090160180042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090160180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 הִנֵּ֨ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 10 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=1SA_16:18!5|MId=o090160180051|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 10 רָאִ֜יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 8 ccomp _ Gloss=I.have.seen|Ref=1SA_16:18!6|MId=o090160180061|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090160180021;A1:090160180071;|Type=qatal 11 בֵּ֣ן בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=a.son|Ref=1SA_16:18!7|MId=o090160180071|Strong=1121 12-13 לְיִשַׁי֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_16:18!8|MId=o090160180081|Strong=3807a 13 יִשַׁי֮ יִשַׁי PROPN _ _ 11 nmod _ Gloss=Jesse|Ref=1SA_16:18!8|MId=o090160180082|Strong=3448 14 בֵּ֣ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_16:18!9|MId=o090160180091|Type=gentilic 15 הַלַּחְמִי֒ _ NOUN _ _ 14 flat _ Ref=1SA_16:18!9 16 בֵּ֣ית הַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=Bethlehemite|Ref=1SA_16:18!10|MId=o090160180101|Type=gentilic 17 הַלַּחְמִי֒ _ NOUN _ _ 16 flat _ Ref=1SA_16:18!10 18 יֹדֵ֣עַ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[who].knows|Ref=1SA_16:18!11|MId=o090160180111|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:090160180071;A1:090160180111;|Type=participle_active 19 נַ֠גֵּן נָגַן VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 18 obj _ Gloss=to.play|Ref=1SA_16:18!12|MId=o090160180121|Strong=5059|Frame=A0:090160180071;|Type=infinitive_construct 20-21 וְגִבּ֨וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:18!13|MId=o090160180131|Strong=2050b 21 גִבּ֨וֹר גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=a.mighty.[man]|Ref=1SA_16:18!13|MId=o090160180132|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 22 חַ֜יִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.strength|Ref=1SA_16:18!14|MId=o090160180141|Strong=2428 23-24 וְאִ֧ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:18!15|MId=o090160180151|Strong=2050b 24 אִ֧ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=1SA_16:18!15|MId=o090160180152|Strong=0376 25 מִלְחָמָ֛ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.war|Ref=1SA_16:18!16|MId=o090160180161|Strong=4421 26-27 וּנְב֥וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and.[one]|Ref=1SA_16:18!17|MId=o090160180171|Strong=2050b 27 נְב֥וֹן בִּין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=discerning|Ref=1SA_16:18!17|MId=o090160180172|Strong=0995|Frame=A0:090160180071;|Type=participle_active 28 דָּבָ֖ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.word|Ref=1SA_16:18!18|MId=o090160180181|Strong=1697 29-30 וְאִ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:18!19|MId=o090160180191|Strong=2050b 30 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=1SA_16:18!19|MId=o090160180192|Strong=0376 31 תֹּ֑אַר תֹּאַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.form|Ref=1SA_16:18!20|MId=o090160180201|Strong=8389 32-33 וַיהוָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:18!21|MId=o090160180211|Strong=2050b 33 יהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 35 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_16:18!21|MId=o090160180212|Strong=3068 34-35 עִמּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=[is].with|Ref=1SA_16:18!22|MId=o090160180221|Strong=5973 35 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 conj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_16:18!22|MId=o090160180222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=1SA_16:18!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַן *he answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶחָד *one* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶחָד *one* | | | | | רָאִיתִי *I have seen* | qatal · qal | אֶחָד *one* | בֵּן *a son* | | | | יֹדֵעַ *\[who\] knows* | participle active · qal | בֵּן *a son* | יֹדֵעַ *\[who\] knows* | | | | נַגֵּן *to play* | infinitive construct · piel | בֵּן *a son* | | | | | נְבוֹן *discerning* | participle active · niphal | בֵּן *a son* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאָתֵיב חַד מֵעוּלֵימַיָא וַאֲמַר הָא חֲזֵתִי בַּר לְיִשַׁי דְמִבֵּית לֶחֶם יָדַע לְנַגָנָא וְגִבַּר חֵילָא וְגִבַּר עָבִיד קְרָבִין וְסוּכְלָתָן בְּעֵצָה וְגַבְרָא שַׁפִּיר בְּרֵיוָא וּמֵימְרָא דַייָ בְּסַעֲדֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then answered one of the young men, and said: 'Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Beth-lehemite, that is skilful in playing, and a mighty man of valour, and a man of war, and prudent in affairs, and a comely person, and the LORD is with him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.446/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:400`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 16:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.17/) - next →: [1 Samuel 16:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.19/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/16/)