--- title: 1 Samuel 16:19 — Wherefore Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said: 'Send me David… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Wherefore Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said: 'Send me David thy son, who is with the sheep.' Who acts: Saul, David. 1 Samuel 16:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/16/) / 16:19 # 1 Samuel 16:19 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, David · **What happens:** send, say, be · **To what, where:** messengers, David, me · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 16:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, David — and what happens in the verse to messengers, David, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח שָׁא֛וּל מַלְאָכִ֖ים אֶל־יִשָׁ֑י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שִׁלְחָ֥ה אֵלַ֛י אֶת־דָּוִ֥ד בִּנְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּצֹּֽאן׃ [Wherefore Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said: 'Send me David thy son, who is with the sheep.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.447/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:401 # text = וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח שָׁא֛וּל מַלְאָכִ֖ים אֶל־יִשָׁ֑י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שִׁלְחָ֥ה אֵלַ֛י אֶת־דָּוִ֥ד בִּנְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּצֹּֽאן׃ # verse = 1SA.16.19 1-2 וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:19!1|MId=o090160190011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁלַ֥ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=1SA_16:19!1|MId=o090160190012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:090160190021;A1:090160190031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֛וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_16:19!2|MId=o090160190021|Strong=7586 4 מַלְאָכִ֖ים מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=messengers|Ref=1SA_16:19!3|MId=o090160190031|Strong=4397 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_16:19!4|MId=o090160190041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 יִשָׁ֑י יִשַׁי PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Jesse|Ref=1SA_16:19!5|MId=o090160190051|Strong=3448 7-8 וַיֹּ֕אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:19!6|MId=o090160190061|Strong=2050b 8 יֹּ֕אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_16:19!6|MId=o090160190062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090160190021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 שִׁלְחָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 שִׁלְח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 ccomp _ Gloss=send|Ref=1SA_16:19!7|MId=o090160190071|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:090160190051;A1:090160190101;|Type=imperative 10 ָ֥ה ה X _ _ 9 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_16:19!7|MId=o090160190072|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 11-12 אֵלַ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_16:19!8|MId=o090160190081|Strong=0413 12 ַ֛י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_16:19!8|MId=o090160190082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_16:19!9|MId=o090160190091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14 דָּוִ֥ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 9 obj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_16:19!10|MId=o090160190101|Strong=1732 15-16 בִּנְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בִּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 appos _ Gloss=son|Ref=1SA_16:19!11|MId=o090160190111|Strong=1121 16 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_16:19!11|MId=o090160190112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 17 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_16:19!12|MId=o090160190121|Strong=0834|Type=relative 18-20 בַּצֹּֽאן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=[is].with|Ref=1SA_16:19!13|MId=o090160190131|Strong=0871a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_16:19!13|MId=o090160190131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 צֹּֽאן צֹאן NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=flock|Ref=1SA_16:19!13|MId=o090160190132|Strong=6629 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=1SA_16:19!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | מַלְאָכִים *messengers* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | שִׁלְח *send* | imperative · qal | יִשָׁי *Jesse* | דָּוִד *David* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁלַח שָׁאוּל אִזְגַדִין לְוַת יִשָׁי וַאֲמַר שַׁדַר לִי יַת דָוִד בְּרָךְ דִי בְּעָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Wherefore Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said: 'Send me David thy son, who is with the sheep.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.447/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:401`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 16:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.18/) - next →: [1 Samuel 16:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.20/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/16/)