--- title: 1 Samuel 16:2 — And Samuel said: 'How can I go? if Saul hear it, he will kill me.' A… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Samuel said: 'How can I go? if Saul hear it, he will kill me.' And the LORD said: 'Take a heifer with thee, and say: I am come to sacrifice to the LORD. Who acts: Samuel, I, Saul, LORD. 1 Samuel 16:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/16/) / 16:2 # 1 Samuel 16:2 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Samuel, I, Saul, LORD · **What happens:** say, go, hear, kill, take, come · **To what, where:** horn, me, heifer, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 16:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Samuel, I, Saul, LORD — and what happens in the verse to horn, me, heifer, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֵ֣יךְ אֵלֵ֔ךְ וְשָׁמַ֥ע שָׁא֖וּל וַהֲרָגָ֑נִיס וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה עֶגְלַ֤ת בָּקָר֙ תִּקַּ֣ח בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ לִזְבֹּ֥חַ לַֽיהוָ֖ה בָּֽאתִי׃ [And Samuel said: 'How can I go? if Saul hear it, he will kill me.' And the LORD said: 'Take a heifer with thee, and say: I am come to sacrifice to the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.423/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:384 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֵ֣יךְ אֵלֵ֔ךְ וְשָׁמַ֥ע שָׁא֖וּל וַהֲרָגָ֑נִיס וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה עֶגְלַ֤ת בָּקָר֙ תִּקַּ֣ח בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ לִזְבֹּ֥חַ לַֽיהוָ֖ה בָּֽאתִי׃ # verse = 1SA.16.2 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:2!1|MId=o090160020011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_16:2!1|MId=o090160020012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090160020021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שְׁמוּאֵל֙ שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Samuel|Ref=1SA_16:2!2|MId=o090160020021|Strong=8050 4 אֵ֣יךְ אֵיךְ INTJ _ _ 5 discourse _ Gloss=how?|Ref=1SA_16:2!3|MId=o090160020031|Strong=0349|Type=interrogative 5 אֵלֵ֔ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=will.I.go|Ref=1SA_16:2!4|MId=o090160020041|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090160020021;|Type=yiqtol 6-7 וְשָׁמַ֥ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:2!5|MId=o090160020051|Strong=2050b 7 שָׁמַ֥ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=he.will.hear|Ref=1SA_16:2!5|MId=o090160020052|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:090160020061;|Type=weqatal 8 שָׁא֖וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_16:2!6|MId=o090160020061|Strong=7586 9-11 וַהֲרָגָ֑נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:2!7|MId=o090160020071|Strong=2050b 10 הֲרָג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_16:2!7|MId=o090160020072|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:090160020061;A1:090160020073;|Type=weqatal 11 ָ֑נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=will.kill.me|Ref=1SA_16:2!7|MId=o090160020073|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 12 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ Ref=1SA_16:2!7 13-14 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:2!8|MId=o090160020081|Strong=2050b 14 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_16:2!8|MId=o090160020082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090160020101;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_16:2!9|MId=o090160020091|Strong=3068 16 עֶגְלַ֤ת עֶגְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=a.heifer|Ref=1SA_16:2!10|MId=o090160020101|Strong=5697 17 בָּקָר֙ בָּקָר NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.cattle|Ref=1SA_16:2!11|MId=o090160020111|Strong=1241 18 תִּקַּ֣ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 14 ccomp _ Gloss=you.will.take|Ref=1SA_16:2!12|MId=o090160020121|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090160020021;A1:090160020111;|Type=yiqtol 19-21 בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_16:2!13|MId=o090160020131|Strong=0871a 20 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_16:2!13|MId=o090160020132|Strong=3027 21 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_16:2!13|MId=o090160020133|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 22-23 וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:2!14|MId=o090160020141|Strong=2050b 23 אָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 18 conj _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=1SA_16:2!14|MId=o090160020142|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090160020021;|Type=weqatal 24-25 לִזְבֹּ֥חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_16:2!15|MId=o090160020151|Strong=3807a 25 זְבֹּ֥חַ זָבַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 28 advcl _ Gloss=sacrifice|Ref=1SA_16:2!15|MId=o090160020152|Strong=2076|Frame=A0:090160020021;|Type=infinitive_construct 26-27 לַֽיהוָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_16:2!16|MId=o090160020161|Strong=3807a 27 יהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 25 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_16:2!16|MId=o090160020162|Strong=3068 28 בָּֽאתִי בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 23 ccomp _ Gloss=I.have.come|Ref=1SA_16:2!17|MId=o090160020171|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090160020021;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1SA_16:2!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | | | | | אֵלֵךְ *will I go* | yiqtol · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | | | | | שָׁמַע *he will hear* | weqatal · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | הֲרָג *he* | weqatal · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | ָנִי *will kill me* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | עֶגְלַת *a heifer* | | | | | תִּקַּח *you will take* | yiqtol · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | בָּקָר *of cattle* | | | | אָמַרְתָּ *you will say* | weqatal · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | | | | | זְבֹּחַ *sacrifice* | infinitive construct · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | | | | | בָּֽאתִי *I have come* | qatal · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר שְׁמוּאֵל אֵיכְדֵין אֵיזֵל וְאִם יִשְׁמַע שָׁאוּל וְיִקְטְלִינַנִי וַאֲמַר יְיָ עֶגְלַת תּוֹרִין תִּסַב בִּידָךְ וְתֵימַר לְדַבָּחָא קֳדָם יְיָ אָתֵיתִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Samuel said: 'How can I go? if Saul hear it, he will kill me.' And the LORD said: 'Take a heifer with thee, and say: I am come to sacrifice to the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.423/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:384`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 16:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.1/) - next →: [1 Samuel 16:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.3/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/16/)