--- title: 1 Samuel 16:23 — And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took the harp, and played with his hand; so Saul found relief, and it was well with him, and the evil spirit departed from him. Who acts: favour, evil spirit, David, Saul. 1 Samuel 16:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/16/) / 16:23 # 1 Samuel 16:23 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** favour, evil spirit, David, Saul · **What happens:** come, pass, be, take, play, find · **To what, where:** harp, relief This is 1 Samuel 16:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — favour, evil spirit, David, Saul — and what happens in the verse to harp, relief, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָיָ֗ה בִּֽהְי֤וֹת רֽוּחַ־אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְלָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַכִּנּ֖וֹר וְנִגֵּ֣ן בְּיָד֑וֹ וְרָוַ֤ח לְשָׁאוּל֙ וְט֣וֹב ל֔וֹ וְסָ֥רָה מֵעָלָ֖יו ר֥וּחַ הָרָעָֽה׃פ [And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took the harp, and played with his hand; so Saul found relief, and it was well with him, and the evil spirit departed from him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.451/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:405 # text = וְהָיָ֗ה בִּֽהְי֤וֹת רֽוּחַ־אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְלָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַכִּנּ֖וֹר וְנִגֵּ֣ן בְּיָד֑וֹ וְרָוַ֤ח לְשָׁאוּל֙ וְט֣וֹב ל֔וֹ וְסָ֥רָה מֵעָלָ֖יו ר֥וּחַ הָרָעָֽה׃פ # verse = 1SA.16.23 1-2 וְהָיָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:23!1|MId=o090160230011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָ֗ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 cop _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1SA_16:23!1|MId=o090160230012|Strong=1961|Type=qatal 3-4 בִּֽהְי֤וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בִּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=1SA_16:23!2|MId=o090160230021|Strong=0871a 4 הְי֤וֹת הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 8 cop _ Gloss=was|Ref=1SA_16:23!2|MId=o090160230022|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090160230031;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 רֽוּחַ־ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=a.spirit|Ref=1SA_16:23!3|MId=o090160230031|Strong=7307|SpaceAfter=No 6 אֱלֹהִים֙ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.God|Ref=1SA_16:23!4|MId=o090160230041|Strong=0430 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_16:23!5|MId=o090160230051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_16:23!6|MId=o090160230061|Strong=7586 9-10 וְלָקַ֥ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:23!7|MId=o090160230071|Strong=2050b 10 לָקַ֥ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=1SA_16:23!7|MId=o090160230072|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090160230081;A1:090160230102;|Type=weqatal 11 דָּוִ֛ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_16:23!8|MId=o090160230081|Strong=1732 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_16:23!9|MId=o090160230091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הַכִּנּ֖וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_16:23!10|MId=o090160230101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 כִּנּ֖וֹר כִּנּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=harp|Ref=1SA_16:23!10|MId=o090160230102|Strong=3658 15-16 וְנִגֵּ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:23!11|MId=o090160230111|Strong=2050b 16 נִגֵּ֣ן נָגַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=he.played.[it]|Ref=1SA_16:23!11|MId=o090160230112|Strong=5059|Frame=A0:090160230081;|Type=qatal 17-19 בְּיָד֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_16:23!12|MId=o090160230121|Strong=0871a 18 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_16:23!12|MId=o090160230122|Strong=3027 19 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_16:23!12|MId=o090160230123|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20-21 וְרָוַ֤ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:23!13|MId=o090160230131|Strong=2050b 21 רָוַ֤ח רָוַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=it.was.relief|Ref=1SA_16:23!13|MId=o090160230132|Strong=7304|Frame=A0:;|Type=qatal 22-23 לְשָׁאוּל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_16:23!14|MId=o090160230141|Strong=3807a 23 שָׁאוּל֙ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 21 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_16:23!14|MId=o090160230142|Strong=7586 24-25 וְט֣וֹב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:23!15|MId=o090160230151|Strong=2050b 25 ט֣וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=good|Ref=1SA_16:23!15|MId=o090160230152|Strong=2896|Type=qatal 26-27 ל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 ל לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=[belonged].to|Ref=1SA_16:23!16|MId=o090160230161|Strong=3807a 27 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_16:23!16|MId=o090160230162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-29 וְסָ֥רָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:23!17|MId=o090160230171|Strong=2050b 29 סָ֥רָה סוּר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=it.departed|Ref=1SA_16:23!17|MId=o090160230172|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:090160230191;|Type=weqatal 30-32 מֵעָלָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_16:23!18|MId=o090160230181|Strong=4480 31 עָלָ֖י עַל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_16:23!18|MId=o090160230182|Strong=5921 32 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_16:23!18|MId=o090160230183|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33 ר֥וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=the.spirit|Ref=1SA_16:23!19|MId=o090160230191|Strong=7307 34-35 הָרָעָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1SA_16:23!20|MId=o090160230201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 רָעָֽה רַע ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=evil|Ref=1SA_16:23!20|MId=o090160230202|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=1SA_16:23!20|SpaceAfter=No 37 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=1SA_16:23!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הְיוֹת *was* | infinitive construct · qal | רֽוּחַ־ *a spirit* | | | | | לָקַח *he took* | weqatal · qal | דָּוִד *David* | כִּנּוֹר *harp* | | | | נִגֵּן *he played \[it\]* | qatal · piel | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | רָוַח *it was relief* | qatal · qal | | | | | | סָרָה *it departed* | weqatal · qal | רוּחַ *the spirit* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד שַׁרְיָא רוּחַ בִּישָׁא מִן קֳדָם יְיָ לְוַת שָׁאוּל וּנְסִיב דָוִד יַת כִּנוֹרָא וּמְנַגֵן בִּידֵיהּ וּמִתְרְוַח לְשָׁאוּל וְטָב לֵיהּ וּמִסְתַּלְקָא מִנֵיהּ רוּחַ בִּישָׁא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took the harp, and played with his hand; so Saul found relief, and it was well with him, and the evil spirit departed from him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.451/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:405`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 16:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.22/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.1/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/16/)