--- title: 1 Samuel 16:4 — And Samuel did that which the LORD spoke, and came to Beth-lehem. An… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Samuel did that which the LORD spoke, and came to Beth-lehem. And the elders of the city came to meet him trembling, and said: 'Comest thou peaceably?' Who acts: Samuel, LORD, elders, thou. 1 Samuel 16:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/16/) / 16:4 # 1 Samuel 16:4 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Samuel, LORD, elders, thou · **What happens:** do, speak, come, meet, tremble, say · **To what, where:** that, Beth lehem, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 16:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Samuel, LORD, elders, thou — and what happens in the verse to that, Beth lehem, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֣עַשׂ שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖א בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם וַיֶּחֶרְד֞וּ זִקְנֵ֤י הָעִיר֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שָׁלֹ֥ם בּוֹאֶֽךָ׃ [And Samuel did that which the LORD spoke, and came to Beth-lehem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.425/) [And the elders of the city came to meet him trembling, and said: 'Comest thou peaceably?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.426/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:386 # text = וַיַּ֣עַשׂ שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖א בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם וַיֶּחֶרְד֞וּ זִקְנֵ֤י הָעִיר֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שָׁלֹ֥ם בּוֹאֶֽךָ׃ # verse = 1SA.16.4 1-2 וַיַּ֣עַשׂ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:4!1|MId=o090160040011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֣עַשׂ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.did|Ref=1SA_16:4!1|MId=o090160040012|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:090160040021;A1:090160040051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Samuel|Ref=1SA_16:4!2|MId=o090160040021|Strong=8050 4 אֵ֚ת אֵת ADP _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_16:4!3|MId=o090160040031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 5 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=[that].which|Ref=1SA_16:4!4|MId=o090160040041|Strong=0834|Type=relative 6 דִּבֶּ֣ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_16:4!5|MId=o090160040051|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:090160040061;|Type=qatal 7 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_16:4!6|MId=o090160040061|Strong=3068 8-9 וַיָּבֹ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:4!7|MId=o090160040071|Strong=2050b 9 יָּבֹ֖א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=1SA_16:4!7|MId=o090160040072|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090160040021;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 בֵּ֣ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 9 dep _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=1SA_16:4!8|MId=o090160040081 11 לָ֑חֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 10 flat:name _ Ref=1SA_16:4!8 12 בֵּ֣ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 9 dep _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=1SA_16:4!9|MId=o090160040091 13 לָ֑חֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 12 flat:name _ Ref=1SA_16:4!9 14-15 וַיֶּחֶרְד֞וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:4!10|MId=o090160040101|Strong=2050b 15 יֶּחֶרְד֞וּ חָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.trembled|Ref=1SA_16:4!10|MId=o090160040102|Strong=2729|Frame=A0:090160040101;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 זִקְנֵ֤י זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ Gloss=the.elders|Ref=1SA_16:4!11|MId=o090160040111|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 17-18 הָעִיר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_16:4!12|MId=o090160040121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עִיר֙ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=1SA_16:4!12|MId=o090160040122|Strong=5892 19-21 לִקְרָאת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_16:4!13|MId=o090160040131|Strong=3807a 20 קְרָאת קָרָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 15 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=1SA_16:4!13|MId=o090160040132|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:090160040101;A1:090160040123;|Type=infinitive_construct 21 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_16:4!13|MId=o090160040133|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22-23 וַיֹּ֖אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_16:4!14|MId=o090160040141|Strong=2050b 23 יֹּ֖אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=someone.said|Ref=1SA_16:4!14|MId=o090160040142|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090160040101;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 שָׁלֹ֥ם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 ccomp _ Gloss=peace|Ref=1SA_16:4!15|MId=o090160040151|Strong=7965 25-26 בּוֹאֶֽךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בּוֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 24 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].your|Ref=1SA_16:4!16|MId=o090160040161|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090160040152;|Type=infinitive_construct 26 ֶֽךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=coming?|Ref=1SA_16:4!16|MId=o090160040162|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=1SA_16:4!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַשׂ *he did* | wayyiqtol · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | דִּבֶּר *he said* | | | | דִּבֶּר *he said* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יָּבֹא *he came* | wayyiqtol · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | | | | | יֶּחֶרְדוּ *they trembled* | wayyiqtol · qal | וַ *and* | | | | | קְרָאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | וַ *and* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *someone said* | wayyiqtol · qal | וַ *and* | | | | | בּוֹא *\[is\] your* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַעֲבַד שְׁמוּאֵל יַת דְמַלֵיל יְיָ וַאֲתָא לְבֵית לֶחֶם וְאִתְכַּנָשׁוּ סָבֵי קַרְתָּא לִקְדָמוּתֵיהּ וַאֲמַרוּ שְׁלָם מֵיתָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Samuel did that which the LORD spoke, and came to Beth-lehem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.425/) 2. [And the elders of the city came to meet him trembling, and said: 'Comest thou peaceably?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.426/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:386`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 16:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.3/) - next →: [1 Samuel 16:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.5/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/16/)