--- title: 1 Samuel 17:12 — Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Beth-lehem in Judah, who… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Beth-lehem in Judah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons; and the man was an old man in the days of Saul, stricken in years among men. Who acts: David, name, man, Jesse. 1 Samuel 17:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:12 # 1 Samuel 17:12 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, name, man, Jesse · **What happens:** be, have, stricken, name · **To what, where:** son, Jesse, eight sons, old man This is 1 Samuel 17:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, name, man, Jesse — and what happens in the verse to son, Jesse, eight sons, old man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְדָוִד֩ בֶּן־אִ֨ישׁ אֶפְרָתִ֜י הַזֶּ֗ה מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ בֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁמ֣וֹ יִשַׁ֔י וְל֖וֹ שְׁמֹנָ֣ה בָנִ֑ים וְהָאִישׁ֙ בִּימֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל זָקֵ֖ן בָּ֥א בַאֲנָשִֽׁים׃ [Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Beth-lehem in Judah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons; and the man was an old man in the days of Saul, stricken in years among men.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.463/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:417 # text = וְדָוִד֩ בֶּן־אִ֨ישׁ אֶפְרָתִ֜י הַזֶּ֗ה מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ בֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁמ֣וֹ יִשַׁ֔י וְל֖וֹ שְׁמֹנָ֣ה בָנִ֑ים וְהָאִישׁ֙ בִּימֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל זָקֵ֖ן בָּ֥א בַאֲנָשִֽׁים׃ # verse = 1SA.17.12 1-2 וְדָוִד֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:12!1|MId=o090170120011|Strong=2050b 2 דָוִד֩ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:12!1|MId=o090170120012|Strong=1732 3 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was].a.son|Ref=1SA_17:12!2|MId=o090170120021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4 אִ֨ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.man|Ref=1SA_17:12!3|MId=o090170120031|Strong=0376 5 אֶפְרָתִ֜י אֶפְרָתִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=an.Ephrathite|Ref=1SA_17:12!4|MId=o090170120041|Strong=0673|Type=gentilic 6-7 הַזֶּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_17:12!5|MId=o090170120051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 זֶּ֗ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_17:12!5|MId=o090170120052|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 8-9 מִבֵּ֥ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_17:12!6|MId=o090170120061|Strong=4480 9 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 4 nmod _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=1SA_17:12!6|MId=o090170120062 10 לֶ֙חֶם֙ לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 9 flat:name _ Ref=1SA_17:12!6 11 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=1SA_17:12!7|MId=o090170120071 12 לֶ֙חֶם֙ לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 11 flat:name _ Ref=1SA_17:12!7 13 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=1SA_17:12!8|MId=o090170120081|Strong=3063 14-16 וּשְׁמ֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:12!9|MId=o090170120091|Strong=2050b 15 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=name|Ref=1SA_17:12!9|MId=o090170120092|Strong=8034 16 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:12!9|MId=o090170120093|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17 יִשַׁ֔י יִשַׁי PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=[was].Jesse|Ref=1SA_17:12!10|MId=o090170120101|Strong=3448 18-20 וְל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and.[belonged]|Ref=1SA_17:12!11|MId=o090170120111|Strong=2050b 19 ל לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:12!11|MId=o090170120112|Strong=3807a 20 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 conj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_17:12!11|MId=o090170120113|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21 שְׁמֹנָ֣ה שְׁמֹנֶה NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nummod _ Gloss=eight|Ref=1SA_17:12!12|MId=o090170120121|Strong=8083|Type=cardinal_number 22 בָנִ֑ים בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=1SA_17:12!13|MId=o090170120131|Strong=1121 23-25 וְהָאִישׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:12!14|MId=o090170120141|Strong=2050b 24 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:12!14|MId=o090170120142|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_17:12!14|MId=o090170120143|Strong=0376 26-27 בִּימֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_17:12!15|MId=o090170120151|Strong=0871a 27 ימֵ֣י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 obl _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=1SA_17:12!15|MId=o090170120152|Strong=3117 28 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=1SA_17:12!16|MId=o090170120161|Strong=7586 29 זָקֵ֖ן זָקֵן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.was.old|Ref=1SA_17:12!17|MId=o090170120171|Strong=2204|Frame=A0:090170120133;|Type=qatal 30 בָּ֥א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=he.had.gone|Ref=1SA_17:12!18|MId=o090170120181|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090170120133;|Type=participle_active 31-32 בַאֲנָשִֽׁים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=1SA_17:12!19|MId=o090170120191|Strong=0871a 32 אֲנָשִֽׁים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 obl _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_17:12!19|MId=o090170120192|Strong=0376 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:12!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | זָקֵן *he was old* | qatal · qal | | | | | | בָּא *he had gone* | participle active · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְדָוִד בַּר גְבַר אֶפְרָתִי הָדֵין מִבֵּית לֶחֶם דְבֵית יְהוּדָה וּשְׁמֵיהּ יִשַׁי וְלֵיהּ תְּמַנְיָא בְנִין וְגַבְרָא בְּיוֹמֵי שָׁאוּל סִיב מְנִי בִּבְחִירַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Beth-lehem in Judah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons; and the man was an old man in the days of Saul, stricken in years among men.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.463/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:417`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.11/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.13/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)