--- title: 1 Samuel 17:13 — And the three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle; and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the first-born, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah. Who acts: three eldest sons, three sons, names. 1 Samuel 17:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tre --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:13 # 1 Samuel 17:13 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** three eldest sons, three sons, names · **What happens:** go, be, bear, name · **To what, where:** battle, Eliab, three sons This is 1 Samuel 17:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — three eldest sons, three sons, names — and what happens in the verse to battle, Eliab, three sons, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת בְּנֵֽי־יִשַׁי֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֥וּ אַחֲרֵי־שָׁא֖וּל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְשֵׁ֣ם ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלְכוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֱלִיאָ֣ב הַבְּכ֗וֹר וּמִשְׁנֵ֙הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖י שַׁמָּֽה׃ [And the three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle; and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the first-born, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.464/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:418 # text = וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת בְּנֵֽי־יִשַׁי֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֥וּ אַחֲרֵי־שָׁא֖וּל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְשֵׁ֣ם ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלְכוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֱלִיאָ֣ב הַבְּכ֗וֹר וּמִשְׁנֵ֙הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖י שַׁמָּֽה׃ # verse = 1SA.17.13 1-2 וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:13!1|MId=o090170130011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.had.gone|Ref=1SA_17:13!1|MId=o090170130012|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090170130031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nummod _ Gloss=the.three|Ref=1SA_17:13!2|MId=o090170130021|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 4 בְּנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.sons|Ref=1SA_17:13!3|MId=o090170130031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 5 יִשַׁי֙ יִשַׁי PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jesse|Ref=1SA_17:13!4|MId=o090170130041|Strong=3448 6-7 הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_17:13!5|MId=o090170130051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 גְּדֹלִ֔ים גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 amod _ Gloss=old|Ref=1SA_17:13!5|MId=o090170130052|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 8 הָלְכ֥וּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.had.gone|Ref=1SA_17:13!6|MId=o090170130061|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090170130031;|Type=qatal 9 אַחֲרֵי־ אַחַר ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1SA_17:13!7|MId=o090170130071|Strong=0310|SpaceAfter=No 10 שָׁא֖וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_17:13!8|MId=o090170130081|Strong=7586 11-13 לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:13!9|MId=o090170130091|Strong=3807a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_17:13!9|MId=o090170130091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 מִּלְחָמָ֑ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=battle|Ref=1SA_17:13!9|MId=o090170130092|Strong=4421 14-15 וְשֵׁ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:13!10|MId=o090170130101|Strong=2050b 15 שֵׁ֣ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=1SA_17:13!10|MId=o090170130102|Strong=8034 16 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:13!10 17 שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nummod _ Gloss=of.the.three|Ref=1SA_17:13!11|MId=o090170130111|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 18-19 בָּנָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בָּנָ֗י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.sons|Ref=1SA_17:13!12|MId=o090170130121|Strong=1121 19 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:13!12|MId=o090170130122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_17:13!13|MId=o090170130131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 21 הָלְכוּ֙ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.gone|Ref=1SA_17:13!14|MId=o090170130141|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090170130121;|Type=qatal 22-24 בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_17:13!15|MId=o090170130151|Strong=0871a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:13!15|MId=o090170130151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 מִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=battle|Ref=1SA_17:13!15|MId=o090170130152|Strong=4421 25 אֱלִיאָ֣ב אֱלִיאָב PROPN _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].Eliab|Ref=1SA_17:13!16|MId=o090170130161|Strong=0446 26-27 הַבְּכ֗וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:13!17|MId=o090170130171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 בְּכ֗וֹר בְּכֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 appos _ Gloss=firstborn|Ref=1SA_17:13!17|MId=o090170130172|Strong=1060 28-30 וּמִשְׁנֵ֙הוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:13!18|MId=o090170130181|Strong=2050b 29 מִשְׁנ מִשְׁנֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=second|Ref=1SA_17:13!18|MId=o090170130182|Strong=4932 30 ֵ֙הוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:13!18|MId=o090170130183|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 31 אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב אֲבִינָדָב PROPN _ _ 29 appos _ Gloss=[was].Abinadab|Ref=1SA_17:13!19|MId=o090170130191|Strong=0041 32-34 וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:13!20|MId=o090170130201|Strong=2050b 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:13!20|MId=o090170130202|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 שְּׁלִשִׁ֖י שְׁלִישִׁי NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=third|Ref=1SA_17:13!20|MId=o090170130203|Strong=7992|Type=ordinal_number 35 שַׁמָּֽה שַׁמָּה PROPN _ _ 34 appos _ Gloss=[was].Shammah|Ref=1SA_17:13!21|MId=o090170130211|Strong=8048|SpaceAfter=No 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:13!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּלְכוּ *they had gone* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְּנֵֽי־ *the sons* | | | | | הָלְכוּ *they had gone* | qatal · qal | בְּנֵֽי־ *the sons* | | | | | הָלְכוּ *they had gone* | qatal · qal | בָּנָי *his sons* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲזַלוּ תְּלָתָא בְּנֵי יִשַׁי רַבְרְבַיָא אֲזָלוּ בָּתַר שָׁאוּל לִקְרָבָא וְשׁוּם תְּלָתָא בְנוֹהִי דַאֲזָלוּ לִקְרָבָא אֱלִיאָב בּוּכְרָא וְתִנְיָנֵיהּ אֲבִינָדָב וּתְלִיתָאָה שַׁמָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle; and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the first-born, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.464/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:418`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.12/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.14/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)