--- title: 1 Samuel 17:23 — And as he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion, the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And as he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, out of the ranks of the Philistines, and spoke according to the same words; and David heard them. Who acts: David, champion. 1 Samuel 17:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:23 # 1 Samuel 17:23 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, champion · **What happens:** talk, come up, speak, accord, hear · **To what, where:** ranks, armies · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 17:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, champion — and what happens in the verse to ranks, armies, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְה֣וּא ׀ מְדַבֵּ֣ר עִמָּ֗ם וְהִנֵּ֣ה אִ֣ישׁ הַבֵּנַ֡יִם עוֹלֶ֞ה גָּלְיָת֩ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י שְׁמ֤וֹ מִגַּת֙ מִמַּעַרְכ֣וֹתפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע דָּוִֽד׃ [And as he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, out of the ranks of the Philistines, and spoke according to the same words; and David heard them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.474/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:428 # text = וְה֣וּא ׀ מְדַבֵּ֣ר עִמָּ֗ם וְהִנֵּ֣ה אִ֣ישׁ הַבֵּנַ֡יִם עוֹלֶ֞ה גָּלְיָת֩ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י שְׁמ֤וֹ מִגַּת֙ מִמַּעַרְכ֣וֹתפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע דָּוִֽד׃ # verse = 1SA.17.23 1-2 וְה֣וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:23!1|MId=o090170230011|Strong=2050b 2 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_17:23!1|MId=o090170230012|Strong=1931|Type=personal 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:23!1 4 מְדַבֵּ֣ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was].speaking|Ref=1SA_17:23!2|MId=o090170230021|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:090170230012;|Type=participle_active 5-6 עִמָּ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_17:23!3|MId=o090170230031|Strong=5973 6 ָ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_17:23!3|MId=o090170230032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7-8 וְהִנֵּ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:23!4|MId=o090170230041|Strong=2050b 8 הִנֵּ֣ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 12 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=1SA_17:23!4|MId=o090170230042|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 9 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=1SA_17:23!5|MId=o090170230051|Strong=0376 10-11 הַבֵּנַ֡יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_17:23!6|MId=o090170230061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 בֵּנַ֡יִם בֵּנַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.champions|Ref=1SA_17:23!6|MId=o090170230062|Strong=1143 12 עוֹלֶ֞ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=[was].coming.up|Ref=1SA_17:23!7|MId=o090170230071|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:090170230051;|Type=participle_active 13 גָּלְיָת֩ גׇּלְיַת PROPN _ _ 9 acl _ Gloss=[was].Goliath|Ref=1SA_17:23!8|MId=o090170230081|Strong=1555 14-15 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:23!9|MId=o090170230091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=1SA_17:23!9|MId=o090170230092|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 16-17 שְׁמ֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=name|Ref=1SA_17:23!10|MId=o090170230101|Strong=8034 17 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:23!10|MId=o090170230102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-19 מִגַּת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_17:23!11|MId=o090170230111|Strong=4480 19 גַּת֙ גַּת PROPN _ _ 15 nmod _ Gloss=Gath|Ref=1SA_17:23!11|MId=o090170230112|Strong=1661 20-22 מִמַּעַרְכ֣וֹתפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_17:23!13|MId=o090170230131|Strong=4480 21 מַּעַרְכ֣וֹת מַעֲרָכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=the.battle.lines|Ref=1SA_17:23!13|MId=o090170230132|Strong=4634 22 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_17:23!14|MId=o090170230141|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 23-24 וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:23!15|MId=o090170230151|Strong=2050b 24 יְדַבֵּ֖ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 conj _ Gloss=he.spoke|Ref=1SA_17:23!15|MId=o090170230152|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:090170230051;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-27 כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=1SA_17:23!16|MId=o090170230161|Strong=3509a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:23!16|MId=o090170230161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 דְּבָרִ֣ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 obl _ Gloss=the.words|Ref=1SA_17:23!16|MId=o090170230162|Strong=1697 28-29 הָאֵ֑לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_17:23!17|MId=o090170230171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 27 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=1SA_17:23!17|MId=o090170230172|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 30-31 וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:23!18|MId=o090170230181|Strong=2050b 31 יִּשְׁמַ֖ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.heard|Ref=1SA_17:23!18|MId=o090170230182|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:090170230191;A1:090170230163;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 דָּוִֽד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 31 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:23!19|MId=o090170230191|Strong=1732|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:23!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מְדַבֵּר *\[was\] speaking* | participle active · piel | הוּא *he* | | | | | עוֹלֶה *\[was\] coming up* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | | יְדַבֵּר *he spoke* | wayyiqtol · piel | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | | יִּשְׁמַע *he heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִֽד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְהוּא מְמַלֵיל עִמְהוֹן וְהָא גַבְרָא מִבֵּינֵיהוֹן סְלִיק גָלְיַת פְּלִשְׁתָּאָה שְׁמֵיהּ מִגָת מִסִדְרֵי פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וּמַלֵיל כְּפִתְגָמַיָא הָאִלֵין וּשְׁמַע דָוִד: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And as he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, out of the ranks of the Philistines, and spoke according to the same words; and David heard them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.474/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:428`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.22/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.24/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)