--- title: 1 Samuel 17:25 — And the men of Israel said: 'Have ye seen this man that is come up?… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the men of Israel said: 'Have ye seen this man that is come up? surely to taunt Israel is he come up; and it shall be, that the man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and make his father's house free in Israel.' Who acts: men, ye, Israel, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:25 # 1 Samuel 17:25 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** men, ye, Israel, man · **What happens:** say, see, come up, taunt, be, kill · **To what, where:** man, Israel, daughter, house · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 17:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, ye, Israel, man — and what happens in the verse to man, Israel, daughter, house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַרְּאִיתֶם֙ הָאִ֤ישׁ הָֽעֹלֶה֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י לְחָרֵ֥ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֹלֶ֑ה וְֽ֠הָיָה הָאִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֜נּוּ יַעְשְׁרֶ֥נּוּ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ עֹ֣שֶׁר גָּד֗וֹל וְאֶת־בִּתּוֹ֙ יִתֶּן־ל֔וֹ וְאֵת֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה חָפְשִׁ֖י בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [And the men of Israel said: 'Have ye seen this man that is come up? surely to taunt Israel is he come up; and it shall be, that the man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and make his father's house free in Israel.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.476/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:430 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַרְּאִיתֶם֙ הָאִ֤ישׁ הָֽעֹלֶה֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י לְחָרֵ֥ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֹלֶ֑ה וְֽ֠הָיָה הָאִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֜נּוּ יַעְשְׁרֶ֥נּוּ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ עֹ֣שֶׁר גָּד֗וֹל וְאֶת־בִּתּוֹ֙ יִתֶּן־ל֔וֹ וְאֵת֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה חָפְשִׁ֖י בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ # verse = 1SA.17.25 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:25!1|MId=o090170250011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_17:25!1|MId=o090170250012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090170250021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:25!1 4 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=1SA_17:25!2|MId=o090170250021|Strong=0376 5 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_17:25!3|MId=o090170250031|Strong=3478 6-7 הַרְּאִיתֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הֲ PART _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=have|Ref=1SA_17:25!4|MId=o090170250041|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 7 רְּאִיתֶם֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=you.seen?|Ref=1SA_17:25!4|MId=o090170250042|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090170250021;A1:090170250052;|Type=qatal 8-9 הָאִ֤ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:25!5|MId=o090170250051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_17:25!5|MId=o090170250052|Strong=0376 10-11 הָֽעֹלֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הָֽ הַ SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=[who].comes|Ref=1SA_17:25!6|MId=o090170250061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 עֹלֶה֙ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 9 acl:relcl _ Gloss=up|Ref=1SA_17:25!6|MId=o090170250062|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:090170250052;|Type=participle_active 12-13 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_17:25!7|MId=o090170250071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 9 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_17:25!7|MId=o090170250072|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 14 כִּ֛י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_17:25!8|MId=o090170250081|Strong=3588 15-16 לְחָרֵ֥ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:25!9|MId=o090170250091|Strong=3807a 16 חָרֵ֥ף חָרַף VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 19 advcl _ Gloss=defy|Ref=1SA_17:25!9|MId=o090170250092|Strong=2778|Frame=A0:090170250052;A1:090170250111;|Type=infinitive_construct 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_17:25!10|MId=o090170250101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 16 obj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_17:25!11|MId=o090170250111|Strong=3478 19 עֹלֶ֑ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 7 advcl _ Gloss=[he.is].coming.up|Ref=1SA_17:25!12|MId=o090170250121|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:090170250052;|Type=participle_active 20-21 וְֽ֠הָיָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְֽ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:25!13|MId=o090170250131|Strong=2050b 21 הָיָה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=1SA_17:25!13|MId=o090170250132|Strong=1961|Type=qatal 22-23 הָאִ֨ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:25!14|MId=o090170250141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אִ֨ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 dislocated _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_17:25!14|MId=o090170250142|Strong=0376 24 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_17:25!15|MId=o090170250151|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 יַכֶּ֜נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 יַכּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 23 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_17:25!16|MId=o090170250161|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:090170250142;A0:090170250162;|Type=yiqtol 26 ֶ֜נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=will.strike.him.down|Ref=1SA_17:25!16|MId=o090170250162|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 27-28 יַעְשְׁרֶ֥נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 יַעְשְׁר עָשַׁר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 parataxis _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_17:25!17|MId=o090170250171|Strong=6238|Frame=A0:090170250172;AA:090170250182;|Type=yiqtol 28 ֶ֥נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ Gloss=will.make.him.rich|Ref=1SA_17:25!17|MId=o090170250172|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 29-30 הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:25!18|MId=o090170250181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_17:25!18|MId=o090170250182|Strong=4428 31 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:25!18 32 עֹ֣שֶׁר עֹשֶׁר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=rich[es]|Ref=1SA_17:25!19|MId=o090170250191|Strong=6239 33 גָּד֗וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=1SA_17:25!20|MId=o090170250201|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 34-35 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:25!21|MId=o090170250211|Strong=2050b 35 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_17:25!21|MId=o090170250212|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 36-37 בִּתּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 בִּתּ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 38 obj _ Gloss=daughter|Ref=1SA_17:25!22|MId=o090170250221|Strong=1323 37 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:25!22|MId=o090170250222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 38 יִתֶּן־ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=he.will.give|Ref=1SA_17:25!23|MId=o090170250231|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:090170250182;A1:090170250221;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 39-40 ל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 ל לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:25!24|MId=o090170250241|Strong=3807a 40 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_17:25!24|MId=o090170250242|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 41-42 וְאֵת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 46 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:25!25|MId=o090170250251|Strong=2050b 42 אֵת֙ אֵת ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_17:25!25|MId=o090170250252|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 43 בֵּ֣ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 46 obj _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=1SA_17:25!26|MId=o090170250261|Strong=1004 44-45 אָבִ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 אָבִ֔י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.father|Ref=1SA_17:25!27|MId=o090170250271|Strong=0001 45 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:25!27|MId=o090170250272|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 46 יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=he.will.make|Ref=1SA_17:25!28|MId=o090170250281|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:090170250182;A1:090170250261;|Type=yiqtol 47 חָפְשִׁ֖י חׇפְשִׁי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 46 xcomp _ Gloss=free|Ref=1SA_17:25!29|MId=o090170250291|Strong=2670|Type=adjective 48-49 בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_17:25!30|MId=o090170250301|Strong=0871a 49 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 46 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_17:25!30|MId=o090170250302|Strong=3478 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:25!30 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | | רְּאִיתֶם *you seen?* | qatal · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | אִישׁ *man* | | | | עֹלֶה *up* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | חָרֵף *defy* | infinitive construct · piel | אִישׁ *man* | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | עֹלֶה *\[he is\] coming up* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | יַכּ *he* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶנּוּ *will strike him down* | | | אִישׁ *man* | | יַעְשְׁר *he* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶנּוּ *will make him rich* | | | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | יִתֶּן־ *he will give* | yiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | בִּתּ *daughter* | | | | יַעֲשֶׂה *he will make* | yiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | בֵּית *the house* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר אֱנַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל הַחֲזֵיתוּן גַבְרָא דְסָלִיק הָדֵין אֲרֵי לְחַסָדָא יַת יִשְׂרָאֵל סְלִיק וִיהֵי גַבְרָא דְיִקְטְלִינֵיהּ יַעֲתְּרִינֵיהּ מַלְכָּא עוֹתַר סַגִי וְיַת בְּרַתֵּיהּ יִתֵּן לֵיהּ וְיַת בֵּית אֲבוּהִי יַעֲבֵּיד חוֹרִין רַבְרְבִין בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the men of Israel said: 'Have ye seen this man that is come up? surely to taunt Israel is he come up; and it shall be, that the man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and make his father's house free in Israel.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.476/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:430`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.24/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.26/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)