--- title: 1 Samuel 17:26 — And David spoke to the men that stood by him, saying: 'What shall be… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David spoke to the men that stood by him, saying: 'What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the taunt from Israel? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should have taunted the armies of the living God?' Who acts: David, men, man, Israel. 1 Samuel 1 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.26/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:26 # 1 Samuel 17:26 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, men, man, Israel · **What happens:** speak, stand, say, do, kill, take away · **To what, where:** Philistine, taunt, Israel, uncircumcised Philistine, armies · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 17:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, men, man, Israel — and what happens in the verse to Philistine, taunt, Israel, uncircumcised Philistine, armies, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶֽל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים הָעֹמְדִ֣ים עִמּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה לָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַכֶּה֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַלָּ֔ז וְהֵסִ֥יר חֶרְפָּ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י מִ֗י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י הֶֽעָרֵל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכ֖וֹת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ [And David spoke to the men that stood by him, saying: 'What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the taunt from Israel? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should have taunted the armies of the living God?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.477/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:431 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶֽל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים הָעֹמְדִ֣ים עִמּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה לָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַכֶּה֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַלָּ֔ז וְהֵסִ֥יר חֶרְפָּ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י מִ֗י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י הֶֽעָרֵל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכ֖וֹת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ # verse = 1SA.17.26 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:26!1|MId=o090170260011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_17:26!1|MId=o090170260012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090170260021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:26!2|MId=o090170260021|Strong=1732 4 אֶֽל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:26!3|MId=o090170260031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:26!4|MId=o090170260041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אֲנָשִׁ֞ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_17:26!4|MId=o090170260042|Strong=0376 7-8 הָעֹמְדִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=1SA_17:26!5|MId=o090170260051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 עֹמְדִ֣ים עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=were].standing|Ref=1SA_17:26!5|MId=o090170260052|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:090170260042;|Type=participle_active 9-10 עִמּוֹ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_17:26!6|MId=o090170260061|Strong=5973 10 וֹ֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_17:26!6|MId=o090170260062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 לֵאמֹר֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 14 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_17:26!7|MId=o090170260071|Strong=3807a 12 אמֹר֒ אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_17:26!7|MId=o090170260072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090170260021;|Type=infinitive_construct 13 מַה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 14 nsubj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=1SA_17:26!8|MId=o090170260081|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 14 יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=will.it.be.done|Ref=1SA_17:26!9|MId=o090170260091|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:090170260081;|Type=yiqtol 15-17 לָאִישׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_17:26!10|MId=o090170260101|Strong=3807a 16 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:26!10|MId=o090170260101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_17:26!10|MId=o090170260102|Strong=0376 18 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_17:26!11|MId=o090170260111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 19 יַכֶּה֙ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.will.strike.down|Ref=1SA_17:26!12|MId=o090170260121|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:090170260103;A0:090170260142;|Type=yiqtol 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_17:26!13|MId=o090170260131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:26!14|MId=o090170260141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=1SA_17:26!14|MId=o090170260142|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 23 הַלָּ֔ז הַ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 22 amod _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_17:26!15|MId=o090170260151|Strong=1975|Type=demonstrative 24-25 וְהֵסִ֥יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:26!16|MId=o090170260161|Strong=2050b 25 הֵסִ֥יר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 19 conj _ Gloss=he.will.remove|Ref=1SA_17:26!16|MId=o090170260162|Strong=5493|Frame=AA:090170260103;A0:090170260171;|Type=weqatal 26 חֶרְפָּ֖ה חֶרְפָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 obj _ Gloss=reproach|Ref=1SA_17:26!17|MId=o090170260171|Strong=2781 27-28 מֵעַ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_17:26!18|MId=o090170260181|Strong=4480 28 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_17:26!18|MId=o090170260182|Strong=5921 29 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 25 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_17:26!19|MId=o090170260191|Strong=3478 30 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_17:26!20|MId=o090170260201|Strong=3588 31 מִ֗י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 14 advcl _ Gloss=who?|Ref=1SA_17:26!21|MId=o090170260211|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 32-33 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=1SA_17:26!22|MId=o090170260221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=1SA_17:26!22|MId=o090170260222|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 34-35 הֶֽעָרֵל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הֶֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_17:26!23|MId=o090170260231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 עָרֵל֙ עָרֵל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 amod _ Gloss=uncircumcised|Ref=1SA_17:26!23|MId=o090170260232|Strong=6189|Type=adjective 36-37 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_17:26!24|MId=o090170260241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 33 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_17:26!24|MId=o090170260242|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 38 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 39 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_17:26!25|MId=o090170260251|Strong=3588 39 חֵרֵ֔ף חָרַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 31 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.defied|Ref=1SA_17:26!26|MId=o090170260261|Strong=2778|Frame=A0:090170260222;A1:090170260271;|Type=qatal 40 מַעַרְכ֖וֹת מַעֲרָכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 39 obj _ Gloss=the.battle.lines|Ref=1SA_17:26!27|MId=o090170260271|Strong=4634 41 אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 40 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.God|Ref=1SA_17:26!28|MId=o090170260281|Strong=0430 42 חַיִּֽים חַי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 41 amod _ Gloss=living|Ref=1SA_17:26!29|MId=o090170260291|Strong=2416a|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:26!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | עֹמְדִים *were\] standing* | participle active · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יֵּעָשֶׂה *will it be done* | yiqtol · niphal | | מַה־ *what?* | | | | יַכֶּה *he will strike down* | yiqtol · hiphil | פְּלִשְׁתִּי *Philistine* | | | | | הֵסִיר *he will remove* | weqatal · hiphil | חֶרְפָּה *reproach* | | | | | חֵרֵף *he has defied* | qatal · piel | פְּלִשְׁתִּי *Philistine* | מַעַרְכוֹת *the battle lines* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד לְגַבְרַיָא דְקַיְמִין עִמֵיהּ לְמֵימַר מַה יִתְעֲבֵיד לְגַבְרָא דְיִקְטוֹל יַת פְלִישְׁתָּאָה דֵיכִי וְיַעְדִי חִסוּדָא מֵעַל יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי מַן פְלִשְׁתָּאָה עֲרֵלָא הָדֵין אֲרֵי חֲסַד סִדְרֵי עַבְדֵי קְרָבָא דְעַמֵיהּ דַייָ קַיָמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David spoke to the men that stood by him, saying: 'What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the taunt from Israel? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should have taunted the armies of the living God?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.477/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:431`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.25/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.27/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)