--- title: 1 Samuel 17:33 — And Saul said to David: 'Thou art not able to go against this Philis… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul said to David: 'Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him; for thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth.' Who acts: Saul, Thou, David. 1 Samuel 17:33 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.33/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:33 # 1 Samuel 17:33 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, Thou, David · **What happens:** say, not be, go, fight, be, man · **To what, where:** David, Philistine, youth · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 17:33 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, Thou, David — and what happens in the verse to David, Philistine, youth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֹ֤א תוּכַל֙ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נַ֣עַר אַ֔תָּה וְה֛וּא אִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֖ה מִנְּעֻרָֽיו׃ס [And Saul said to David: 'Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him; for thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.486/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:438 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֹ֤א תוּכַל֙ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נַ֣עַר אַ֔תָּה וְה֛וּא אִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֖ה מִנְּעֻרָֽיו׃ס # verse = 1SA.17.33 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:33!1|MId=o090170330011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_17:33!1|MId=o090170330012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090170330021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֜וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_17:33!2|MId=o090170330021|Strong=7586 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:33!3|MId=o090170330031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 דָּוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:33!4|MId=o090170330041|Strong=1732 6 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_17:33!5|MId=o090170330051|Strong=3808|Type=negative 7 תוּכַל֙ יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=you.will.be.able|Ref=1SA_17:33!6|MId=o090170330061|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:090170330041;|Type=yiqtol 8-9 לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:33!7|MId=o090170330071|Strong=3807a 9 לֶ֙כֶת֙ הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 xcomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=1SA_17:33!7|MId=o090170330072|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090170330041;|Type=infinitive_construct 10 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_17:33!8|MId=o090170330081|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:33!9|MId=o090170330091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=1SA_17:33!9|MId=o090170330092|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 13-14 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_17:33!10|MId=o090170330101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 12 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_17:33!10|MId=o090170330102|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 15-16 לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:33!11|MId=o090170330111|Strong=3807a 16 הִלָּחֵ֖ם לָחַם VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 9 advcl _ Gloss=fight|Ref=1SA_17:33!11|MId=o090170330112|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:090170330041;|Type=infinitive_construct 17-18 עִמּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_17:33!12|MId=o090170330121|Strong=5973 18 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_17:33!12|MId=o090170330122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_17:33!13|MId=o090170330131|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 20 נַ֣עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 advcl _ Gloss=[are].a.youth|Ref=1SA_17:33!14|MId=o090170330141|Strong=5288 21 אַ֔תָּה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_17:33!15|MId=o090170330151|Strong=0859|Type=personal 22-23 וְה֛וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:33!16|MId=o090170330161|Strong=2050b 23 ה֛וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_17:33!16|MId=o090170330162|Strong=1931|Type=personal 24 אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=[is].a.man|Ref=1SA_17:33!17|MId=o090170330171|Strong=0376 25 מִלְחָמָ֖ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.war|Ref=1SA_17:33!18|MId=o090170330181|Strong=4421 26-28 מִנְּעֻרָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=since|Ref=1SA_17:33!19|MId=o090170330191|Strong=4480 27 נְּעֻרָֽי נְעוּרִים NOUN _ Number=Plur 24 obl _ Gloss=youth(s)|Ref=1SA_17:33!19|MId=o090170330192|Strong=5271 28 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:33!19|MId=o090170330193|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:33!19|SpaceAfter=No 30 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:33!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | **not** תוּכַל *you will be able* | yiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | לֶכֶת *go* | infinitive construct · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | הִלָּחֵם *fight* | infinitive construct · niphal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר שָׁאוּל לְדָוִד לָא תִכּוּל לְמֵיזַל עִם פְּלִשְׁתָּאָה הָדֵין לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא עִמֵיהּ אֲרֵי יַנִיק אַתְּ וְהוּא גְבַר עָבִיד קְרָבִין מִיַנְקוּתֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul said to David: 'Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him; for thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.486/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:438`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.32/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.34/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)