--- title: 1 Samuel 17:34 — And David said unto Saul: 'Thy servant kept his father's sheep; and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David said unto Saul: 'Thy servant kept his father's sheep; and when there came a lion, or a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock, Who acts: David, servant, lion. 1 Samuel 17:34 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.34/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:34 # 1 Samuel 17:34 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, servant, lion · **What happens:** say, keep, come, take · **To what, where:** sheep, lamb · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 17:34 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, servant, lion — and what happens in the verse to sheep, lamb, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל רֹעֶ֨ה הָיָ֧ה עַבְדְּךָ֛ לְאָבִ֖יו בַּצֹּ֑אן וּבָ֤א הָֽאֲרִי֙ וְאֶת־הַדּ֔וֹב וְנָשָׂ֥א שֶׂ֖ה מֵהָעֵֽדֶר׃ [And David said unto Saul: 'Thy servant kept his father's sheep; and when there came a lion, or a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.487/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:439 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל רֹעֶ֨ה הָיָ֧ה עַבְדְּךָ֛ לְאָבִ֖יו בַּצֹּ֑אן וּבָ֤א הָֽאֲרִי֙ וְאֶת־הַדּ֔וֹב וְנָשָׂ֥א שֶׂ֖ה מֵהָעֵֽדֶר׃ # verse = 1SA.17.34 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:34!1|MId=o090170340011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_17:34!1|MId=o090170340012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090170340021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:34!2|MId=o090170340021|Strong=1732 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:34!3|MId=o090170340031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_17:34!4|MId=o090170340041|Strong=7586 6 רֹעֶ֨ה רָעָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=a.shepherd|Ref=1SA_17:34!5|MId=o090170340051|Strong=7462|Frame=A0:090170340071;|Type=participle_active 7 הָיָ֧ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 cop _ Gloss=he.has.been|Ref=1SA_17:34!6|MId=o090170340061|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090170340071;|Type=qatal 8-9 עַבְדְּךָ֛ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=servant|Ref=1SA_17:34!7|MId=o090170340071|Strong=5650 9 ְךָ֛ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_17:34!7|MId=o090170340072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 10-12 לְאָבִ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_17:34!8|MId=o090170340081|Strong=3807a 11 אָבִ֖י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=father|Ref=1SA_17:34!8|MId=o090170340082|Strong=0001 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:34!8|MId=o090170340083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13-15 בַּצֹּ֑אן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=1SA_17:34!9|MId=o090170340091|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:34!9|MId=o090170340091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 צֹּ֑אן צֹאן NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=flock|Ref=1SA_17:34!9|MId=o090170340092|Strong=6629 16-17 וּבָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:34!10|MId=o090170340101|Strong=2050b 17 בָ֤א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=it.came|Ref=1SA_17:34!10|MId=o090170340102|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090170340112;090170340132;|Type=weqatal 18-19 הָֽאֲרִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:34!11|MId=o090170340111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 אֲרִי֙ אֲרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=lion|Ref=1SA_17:34!11|MId=o090170340112|Strong=0738 20-21 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:34!12|MId=o090170340121|Strong=2050b 21 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_17:34!12|MId=o090170340122|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 22-23 הַדּ֔וֹב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:34!13|MId=o090170340131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 דּ֔וֹב דֹּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=bear|Ref=1SA_17:34!13|MId=o090170340132|Strong=1677 24-25 וְנָשָׂ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:34!14|MId=o090170340141|Strong=2050b 25 נָשָׂ֥א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=it.carried.off|Ref=1SA_17:34!14|MId=o090170340142|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:090170340112;090170340132;A1:090170340151;|Type=weqatal 26 שֶׂ֖ה שֶׂה NOUN _ Number=Sing 25 obj _ Gloss=a.sheep|Ref=1SA_17:34!15|MId=o090170340151|Strong=7716 27-29 מֵהָעֵֽדֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_17:34!16|MId=o090170340161|Strong=4480 28 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:34!16|MId=o090170340162|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 עֵֽדֶר עֵדֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=flock|Ref=1SA_17:34!16|MId=o090170340163|Strong=5739 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:34!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | רֹעֶה *a shepherd* | participle active · qal | עַבְדּ *servant* | | | | | הָיָה *he has been* | qatal · qal | עַבְדּ *servant* | | | | | בָא *it came* | weqatal · qal | אֲרִי *lion* + דּוֹב *bear* | | | | | נָשָׂא *it carried off* | weqatal · qal | אֲרִי *lion* + דּוֹב *bear* | שֶׂה *a sheep* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד לְשָׁאוּל רַעֲיָא הֲוָה עַבְדָךְ לַאֲבוּהִי בַּעֲנָא וְאָתָא אַרְיָא וְאַף דוּבָּא וּנְסִיב אִמְרָא מֵעִדָרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David said unto Saul: 'Thy servant kept his father's sheep; and when there came a lion, or a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.487/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:439`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.33/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.35/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)