--- title: 1 Samuel 17:39 — And David girded his sword upon his apparel, and he essayed to go, b… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David girded his sword upon his apparel, and he essayed to go, but could not; for he had not tried it. And David said unto Saul: 'I cannot go with these; for I have not tried them.' And David put them off him. Who acts: David, I. 1 Samuel 17:39 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.39/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:39 # 1 Samuel 17:39 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, I · **What happens:** gird, essay, go, not try, say, not go · **To what, where:** sword, Saul · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 17:39 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, I — and what happens in the verse to sword, Saul, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּחְגֹּ֣ר דָּוִ֣ד אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ מֵעַ֨ל לְמַדָּ֜יו וַיֹּ֣אֶל לָלֶכֶת֮ כִּ֣י לֹֽא־נִסָּה֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל לֹ֥א אוּכַ֛ל לָלֶ֥כֶת בָּאֵ֖לֶּה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נִסִּ֑יתִי וַיְסִרֵ֥ם דָּוִ֖ד מֵעָלָֽיו׃ [And David girded his sword upon his apparel, and he essayed to go, but could not; for he had not tried it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.492/) [And David said unto Saul: 'I cannot go with these; for I have not tried them.' And David put them off him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.493/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:444 # text = וַיַּחְגֹּ֣ר דָּוִ֣ד אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ מֵעַ֨ל לְמַדָּ֜יו וַיֹּ֣אֶל לָלֶכֶת֮ כִּ֣י לֹֽא־נִסָּה֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל לֹ֥א אוּכַ֛ל לָלֶ֥כֶת בָּאֵ֖לֶּה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נִסִּ֑יתִי וַיְסִרֵ֥ם דָּוִ֖ד מֵעָלָֽיו׃ # verse = 1SA.17.39 1-2 וַיַּחְגֹּ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:39!1|MId=o090170390011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּחְגֹּ֣ר חָגַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.girded|Ref=1SA_17:39!1|MId=o090170390012|Strong=2296|Frame=A0:090170390021;A1:090170390041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֣ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:39!2|MId=o090170390021|Strong=1732 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_17:39!3|MId=o090170390031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 חַ֠רְבּוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 חַ֠רְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=1SA_17:39!4|MId=o090170390041|Strong=2719 6 וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:39!4|MId=o090170390042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 מֵעַ֨ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(from)|Ref=1SA_17:39!5|MId=o090170390051|Strong=4480 8 עַ֨ל עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=1SA_17:39!5|MId=o090170390052|Strong=5921 9-11 לְמַדָּ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=1SA_17:39!6|MId=o090170390061|Strong=3807a 10 מַדָּ֜י מַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=garments|Ref=1SA_17:39!6|MId=o090170390062|Strong=4055 11 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:39!6|MId=o090170390063|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 וַיֹּ֣אֶל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:39!7|MId=o090170390071|Strong=2050b 13 יֹּ֣אֶל אלה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.undertook|Ref=1SA_17:39!7|MId=o090170390072|Strong=2974a|Frame=A0:090170390021;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-15 לָלֶכֶת֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:39!8|MId=o090170390081|Strong=3807a 15 לֶכֶת֮ הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 advcl _ Gloss=walk|Ref=1SA_17:39!8|MId=o090170390082|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090170390021;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_17:39!9|MId=o090170390091|Strong=3588 17 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_17:39!10|MId=o090170390101|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 18 נִסָּה֒ נָסָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he.had.put.to.the.test|Ref=1SA_17:39!11|MId=o090170390111|Strong=5254|Frame=A0:090170390021;|Type=qatal 19-20 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:39!12|MId=o090170390121|Strong=2050b 20 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_17:39!12|MId=o090170390122|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090170390131;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 דָּוִ֜ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 20 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:39!13|MId=o090170390131|Strong=1732 22 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:39!14|MId=o090170390141|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 23 שָׁא֗וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 20 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_17:39!15|MId=o090170390151|Strong=7586 24 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_17:39!16|MId=o090170390161|Strong=3808|Type=negative 25 אוּכַ֛ל יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 20 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.be.able|Ref=1SA_17:39!17|MId=o090170390171|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:090170390131;|Type=yiqtol 26-27 לָלֶ֥כֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:39!18|MId=o090170390181|Strong=3807a 27 לֶ֥כֶת הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 25 xcomp _ Gloss=walk|Ref=1SA_17:39!18|MId=o090170390182|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090170390131;|Type=infinitive_construct 28-29 בָּאֵ֖לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_17:39!19|MId=o090170390191|Strong=0871a 29 אֵ֖לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 27 obl _ Gloss=these.[things]|Ref=1SA_17:39!19|MId=o090170390192|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 30 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 32 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_17:39!20|MId=o090170390201|Strong=3588 31 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 32 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_17:39!21|MId=o090170390211|Strong=3808|Type=negative 32 נִסִּ֑יתִי נָסָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 25 advcl _ Gloss=I.have.put.to.the.test|Ref=1SA_17:39!22|MId=o090170390221|Strong=5254|Frame=A0:090170390131;|Type=qatal 33-35 וַיְסִרֵ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:39!23|MId=o090170390231|Strong=2050b 34 יְסִר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_17:39!23|MId=o090170390232|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:090170390233;AA:090170390241;|Type=wayyiqtol 35 ֵ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obj _ Gloss=removed.them|Ref=1SA_17:39!23|MId=o090170390233|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 36 דָּוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 34 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:39!24|MId=o090170390241|Strong=1732 37-39 מֵעָלָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_17:39!25|MId=o090170390251|Strong=4480 38 עָלָֽי עַל ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_17:39!25|MId=o090170390252|Strong=5921 39 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ Gloss=himself|Ref=1SA_17:39!25|MId=o090170390253|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:39!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּחְגֹּר *he girded* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | חַרְבּ *sword* | | | | יֹּאֶל *he undertook* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | לֶכֶת *walk* | infinitive construct · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | **not** נִסָּה *he had put to the test* | qatal · piel | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | **not** אוּכַל *I will be able* | yiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | לֶכֶת *walk* | infinitive construct · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | **not** נִסִּיתִי *I have put to the test* | qatal · piel | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יְסִר *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵם *removed them* | | | דָּוִד *David* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְזָרֵיז דָוִד יַת חַרְבֵּיהּ מֵעַל לִלְבוּשׁוֹהִי וְלָא אָבָא לְמֵיזַל אֲרֵי לָא אַלִיף וַאֲמַר דָוִד לְשָׁאוּל לֵית אֲנָא יָכִיל לְמֵיזַל בְּאִלֵין אֲרֵי לֵית בְּהוֹן נִסָא וְאַעְדִינוּן דָוִד מֵעִלַווֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David girded his sword upon his apparel, and he essayed to go, but could not; for he had not tried it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.492/) 2. [And David said unto Saul: 'I cannot go with these; for I have not tried them.' And David put them off him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.493/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:444`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.38/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.40/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)