--- title: 1 Samuel 17:40 — And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in the shepherd's bag which he had, even in his scrip; and his sling was in his hand; and he drew near to the Philistine. Who acts: David, sling. 1 Samuel 17:40 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.40/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:40 # 1 Samuel 17:40 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, sling · **What happens:** take, choose, put, be, draw · **To what, where:** staff, hand, five smooth stones, David, brook, stones This is 1 Samuel 17:40 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, sling — and what happens in the verse to staff, hand, five smooth stones, David, brook, stones, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקַּ֨ח מַקְל֜וֹ בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּבְחַר־ל֣וֹ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה חַלֻּקֵֽי־אֲבָנִ֣ים ׀ מִן־הַנַּ֡חַל וַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹ֠תָם בִּכְלִ֨י הָרֹעִ֧ים אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וּבַיַּלְק֖וּט וְקַלְּע֣וֹ בְיָד֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֖שׁ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃ [And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in the shepherd's bag which he had, even in his scrip; and his sling was in his hand; and he drew near to the Philistine.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.494/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:445 # text = וַיִּקַּ֨ח מַקְל֜וֹ בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּבְחַר־ל֣וֹ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה חַלֻּקֵֽי־אֲבָנִ֣ים ׀ מִן־הַנַּ֡חַל וַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹ֠תָם בִּכְלִ֨י הָרֹעִ֧ים אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וּבַיַּלְק֖וּט וְקַלְּע֣וֹ בְיָד֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֖שׁ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃ # verse = 1SA.17.40 1-2 וַיִּקַּ֨ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:40!1|MId=o090170400011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקַּ֨ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=1SA_17:40!1|MId=o090170400012|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090170390241;A1:090170400021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 מַקְל֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 מַקְל מַקֵּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=staff|Ref=1SA_17:40!2|MId=o090170400021|Strong=4731 4 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:40!2|MId=o090170400022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5-7 בְּיָד֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_17:40!3|MId=o090170400031|Strong=0871a 6 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_17:40!3|MId=o090170400032|Strong=3027 7 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:40!3|MId=o090170400033|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8-9 וַיִּבְחַר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:40!4|MId=o090170400041|Strong=2050b 9 יִּבְחַר־ בָּחַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.chose|Ref=1SA_17:40!4|MId=o090170400042|Strong=0977|Frame=A0:090170390241;A1:090170400071;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 ל֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ל לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_17:40!5|MId=o090170400051|Strong=3807a 11 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=himself|Ref=1SA_17:40!5|MId=o090170400052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12 חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nummod _ Gloss=five|Ref=1SA_17:40!6|MId=o090170400061|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 13 חַלֻּקֵֽי־ חַלֻּק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=smooth.[ones]|Ref=1SA_17:40!7|MId=o090170400071|Strong=2512|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 14 אֲבָנִ֣ים אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.stones|Ref=1SA_17:40!8|MId=o090170400081|Strong=0068 15 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:40!8 16 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_17:40!9|MId=o090170400091|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הַנַּ֡חַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:40!10|MId=o090170400101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 נַּ֡חַל נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=wadi|Ref=1SA_17:40!10|MId=o090170400102|Strong=5158 19-20 וַיָּ֣שֶׂם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:40!11|MId=o090170400111|Strong=2050b 20 יָּ֣שֶׂם שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.put|Ref=1SA_17:40!11|MId=o090170400112|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:090170390241;A1:090170400122;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-22 אֹ֠תָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֹ֠ת אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_17:40!12|MId=o090170400121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 22 ָם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_17:40!12|MId=o090170400122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23-24 בִּכְלִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_17:40!13|MId=o090170400131|Strong=0871a 24 כְלִ֨י כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=the.bag|Ref=1SA_17:40!13|MId=o090170400132|Strong=3627 25-26 הָרֹעִ֧ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1SA_17:40!14|MId=o090170400141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 רֹעִ֧ים רָעָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=shepherds|Ref=1SA_17:40!14|MId=o090170400142|Strong=7473|Type=participle_active 27 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_17:40!15|MId=o090170400151|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 ל֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 ל לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=[belonged].to|Ref=1SA_17:40!16|MId=o090170400161|Strong=3807a 29 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_17:40!16|MId=o090170400162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30-33 וּבַיַּלְק֖וּט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:40!17|MId=o090170400171|Strong=2050b 31 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_17:40!17|MId=o090170400172|Strong=0871a 32 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:40!17|MId=o090170400172ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 יַּלְק֖וּט יַלְקוּט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 conj _ Gloss=pouch|Ref=1SA_17:40!17|MId=o090170400173|Strong=3219 34-36 וְקַלְּע֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:40!18|MId=o090170400181|Strong=2050b 35 קַלְּע קֶלַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ Gloss=sling|Ref=1SA_17:40!18|MId=o090170400182|Strong=7050 36 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:40!18|MId=o090170400183|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 37-39 בְיָד֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=1SA_17:40!19|MId=o090170400191|Strong=0871a 38 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_17:40!19|MId=o090170400192|Strong=3027 39 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:40!19|MId=o090170400193|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 40-41 וַיִּגַּ֖שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:40!20|MId=o090170400201|Strong=2050b 41 יִּגַּ֖שׁ נָגַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.drew.near|Ref=1SA_17:40!20|MId=o090170400202|Strong=5066|Frame=A0:090170390241;|Type=wayyiqtol 42 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:40!21|MId=o090170400211|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 43-44 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 44 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:40!22|MId=o090170400221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 44 פְּלִשְׁתִּֽי פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 obl _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=1SA_17:40!22|MId=o090170400222|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:40!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | | מַקְל *staff* | | | | יִּבְחַר־ *he chose* | wayyiqtol · qal | | חַלֻּקֵֽי־ *smooth \[ones\]* | | | | יָּשֶׂם *he put* | wayyiqtol · qal | | ָם *them* | | | | יִּגַּשׁ *he drew near* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּנְסִיב חוּטְרֵיהּ בִּידֵיהּ וּבְחַר לֵיהּ חַמְשָׁא שְׁעִיעֵי אַבְנַיָא מִן נַחֲלָא וְשַׁוִי יַתְהוֹן בְּמָאן רַעֲיָא דִי לֵיהּ וּבְתַרְמִילֵיהּ וְקַלְעֵיהּ בִּידֵיהּ וּקְרִיב לְוַת פְלִשְׁתָּאָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in the shepherd's bag which he had, even in his scrip; and his sling was in his hand; and he drew near to the Philistine.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.494/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:445`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.39/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.41/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)