--- title: 1 Samuel 17:43 — And the Philistine said unto David: 'Am I a dog, that thou comest to… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the Philistine said unto David: 'Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves?' And the Philistine cursed David by his god. Who acts: Philistine, I, thou. 1 Samuel 17:43 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.43/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:43 # 1 Samuel 17:43 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Philistine, I, thou · **What happens:** say, be, come, curse · **To what, where:** dog, me, David · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 17:43 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Philistine, I, thou — and what happens in the verse to dog, me, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד הֲכֶ֣לֶב אָנֹ֔כִי כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה בָֽא־אֵלַ֖י בַּמַּקְל֑וֹת וַיְקַלֵּ֧ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃ [And the Philistine said unto David: 'Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves?' And the Philistine cursed David by his god.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.497/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:448 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד הֲכֶ֣לֶב אָנֹ֔כִי כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה בָֽא־אֵלַ֖י בַּמַּקְל֑וֹת וַיְקַלֵּ֧ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃ # verse = 1SA.17.43 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:43!1|MId=o090170430011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_17:43!1|MId=o090170430012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090170430022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:43!2|MId=o090170430021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 פְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=1SA_17:43!2|MId=o090170430022|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:43!3|MId=o090170430031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 דָּוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:43!4|MId=o090170430041|Strong=1732 7-8 הֲכֶ֣לֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=a|Ref=1SA_17:43!5|MId=o090170430051|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 8 כֶ֣לֶב כֶּלֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=dog?|Ref=1SA_17:43!5|MId=o090170430052|Strong=3611 9 אָנֹ֔כִי אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=[am].I|Ref=1SA_17:43!6|MId=o090170430061|Strong=0595|Type=personal 10 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_17:43!7|MId=o090170430071|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 11 אַתָּ֥ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_17:43!8|MId=o090170430081|Strong=0859|Type=personal 12 בָֽא־ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 parataxis _ Gloss=[are].coming|Ref=1SA_17:43!9|MId=o090170430091|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090170430081;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 אֵלַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_17:43!10|MId=o090170430101|Strong=0413 14 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_17:43!10|MId=o090170430102|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 15-17 בַּמַּקְל֑וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_17:43!11|MId=o090170430111|Strong=0871a 16 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_17:43!11|MId=o090170430111ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 מַּקְל֑וֹת מַקֵּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=staves|Ref=1SA_17:43!11|MId=o090170430112|Strong=4731 18-19 וַיְקַלֵּ֧ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:43!12|MId=o090170430121|Strong=2050b 19 יְקַלֵּ֧ל קָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.cursed|Ref=1SA_17:43!12|MId=o090170430122|Strong=7043|Frame=A0:090170430132;A1:090170430151;|Type=wayyiqtol 20-21 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:43!13|MId=o090170430131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=1SA_17:43!13|MId=o090170430132|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 22 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_17:43!14|MId=o090170430141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 23 דָּוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 19 obj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:43!15|MId=o090170430151|Strong=1732 24-26 בֵּאלֹהָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בֵּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_17:43!16|MId=o090170430161|Strong=0871a 25 אלֹהָֽי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=gods|Ref=1SA_17:43!16|MId=o090170430162|Strong=0430 26 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:43!16|MId=o090170430163|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:43!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | פְּלִשְׁתִּי *Philistine* | | | | | בָֽא־ *\[are\] coming* | participle active · qal | אַתָּה *you* | | | | | יְקַלֵּל *he cursed* | wayyiqtol · piel | פְּלִשְׁתִּי *Philistine* | דָּוִד *David* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר פְּלִשְׁתָּאָה לְדָוִד הֲכַלְבָּא שָׁטֵי אֲנָא דְאַתְּ אָתֵי עָלַי בְּחוּטְרַיָא וְלַיִט פְּלִשְׁתָּאָה יַת דָוִד בְּטַעֲוָתֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the Philistine said unto David: 'Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves?' And the Philistine cursed David by his god.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.497/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:448`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.42/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.44/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)