--- title: 1 Samuel 17:45 — Then said David to the Philistine: 'Thou comest to me with a sword,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then said David to the Philistine: 'Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a javelin; but I come to thee in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast taunted. Who acts: David, Thou, I. 1 Samuel 17:45 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.45/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:45 # 1 Samuel 17:45 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, Thou, I · **What happens:** say, come, taunt, name · **To what, where:** me, name, God, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 17:45 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, Thou, I — and what happens in the verse to me, name, God, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִיד֑וֹן וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃ [Then said David to the Philistine: 'Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a javelin; but I come to thee in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast taunted.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.499/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:450 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִיד֑וֹן וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃ # verse = 1SA.17.45 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:45!1|MId=o090170450011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_17:45!1|MId=o090170450012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090170450021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:45!2|MId=o090170450021|Strong=1732 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:45!3|MId=o090170450031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:45!4|MId=o090170450041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=1SA_17:45!4|MId=o090170450042|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 7 אַתָּה֙ אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_17:45!5|MId=o090170450051|Strong=0859|Type=personal 8 בָּ֣א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[are].coming|Ref=1SA_17:45!6|MId=o090170450061|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090170450051;|Type=participle_active 9-10 אֵלַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_17:45!7|MId=o090170450071|Strong=0413 10 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_17:45!7|MId=o090170450072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 11-12 בְּחֶ֖רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_17:45!8|MId=o090170450081|Strong=0871a 12 חֶ֖רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=1SA_17:45!8|MId=o090170450082|Strong=2719 13-15 וּבַחֲנִ֣ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:45!9|MId=o090170450091|Strong=2050b 14 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_17:45!9|MId=o090170450092|Strong=0871a 15 חֲנִ֣ית חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=spear|Ref=1SA_17:45!9|MId=o090170450093|Strong=2595 16-18 וּבְכִיד֑וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:45!10|MId=o090170450101|Strong=2050b 17 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_17:45!10|MId=o090170450102|Strong=0871a 18 כִיד֑וֹן כִּידוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=javelin|Ref=1SA_17:45!10|MId=o090170450103|Strong=3591 19-20 וְאָנֹכִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:45!11|MId=o090170450111|Strong=2050b 20 אָנֹכִ֣י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_17:45!11|MId=o090170450112|Strong=0595|Type=personal 21 בָֽא־ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=[am].coming|Ref=1SA_17:45!12|MId=o090170450121|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090170450112;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 אֵלֶ֗יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֵלֶ֗י אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_17:45!13|MId=o090170450131|Strong=0413 23 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_17:45!13|MId=o090170450132|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24-25 בְּשֵׁם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_17:45!14|MId=o090170450141|Strong=0871a 25 שֵׁם֙ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=1SA_17:45!14|MId=o090170450142|Strong=8034 26 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_17:45!15|MId=o090170450151|Strong=3068 27 צְבָא֔וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=1SA_17:45!16|MId=o090170450161|Strong=6635 28 אֱלֹהֵ֛י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=1SA_17:45!17|MId=o090170450171|Strong=0430 29 מַעַרְכ֥וֹת מַעֲרָכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.battle.lines|Ref=1SA_17:45!18|MId=o090170450181|Strong=4634 30 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_17:45!19|MId=o090170450191|Strong=3478 31 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 32 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=1SA_17:45!20|MId=o090170450201|Strong=0834|Type=relative 32 חֵרַֽפְתָּ חָרַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 26 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.defied|Ref=1SA_17:45!21|MId=o090170450211|Strong=2778|Frame=A0:090170450042;A1:090170450151;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:45!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | בָּא *\[are\] coming* | participle active · qal | אַתָּה *you* | | | | | בָֽא־ *\[am\] coming* | participle active · qal | אָנֹכִי *I* | | | | | חֵרַֽפְתָּ *you have defied* | qatal · piel | פְּלִשְׁתִּי *Philistine* | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד לִפְלִשְׁתָּאָה אַתְּ אָתֵי עָלַי בְּחַרְבָּא וּבְמוּרְנִיתָא וּבְרוֹמְחָא וַאֲנָא אָתֵי עֲלָךְ בִּשְׁמָא דַייָ צְבָאוֹת אֱלָהָא דְסִדְרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל דַחֲסַדְתָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then said David to the Philistine: 'Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a javelin; but I come to thee in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast taunted.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.499/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:450`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.44/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.46/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)