--- title: 1 Samuel 17:51 — And David ran, and stood over the Philistine, and took his sword, an… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David ran, and stood over the Philistine, and took his sword, and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him, and cut off his head therewith. And when the Philistines saw that their mighty man was dead, they fled. Who acts: David, Philistines, mighty man. 1 Samuel 17:51 in Hebrew with its d --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.51/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:51 # 1 Samuel 17:51 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, Philistines, mighty man · **What happens:** run, stand, take, draw, slay, cut off · **To what, where:** Philistine, sword, sheath, David, head · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 17:51 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, Philistines, mighty man — and what happens in the verse to Philistine, sword, sheath, David, head, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֣רָץ דָּ֠וִד וַיַּעֲמֹ֨ד אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ וַֽיִּשְׁלְפָ֤הּ מִתַּעְרָהּ֙ וַיְמֹ֣תְתֵ֔הוּ וַיִּכְרָת־בָּ֖הּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּרְא֧וּ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים כִּֽי־מֵ֥ת גִּבּוֹרָ֖ם וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃ [And David ran, and stood over the Philistine, and took his sword, and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him, and cut off his head therewith.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.505/) [And when the Philistines saw that their mighty man was dead, they fled.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.506/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:456 # text = וַיָּ֣רָץ דָּ֠וִד וַיַּעֲמֹ֨ד אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ וַֽיִּשְׁלְפָ֤הּ מִתַּעְרָהּ֙ וַיְמֹ֣תְתֵ֔הוּ וַיִּכְרָת־בָּ֖הּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּרְא֧וּ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים כִּֽי־מֵ֥ת גִּבּוֹרָ֖ם וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃ # verse = 1SA.17.51 1-2 וַיָּ֣רָץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:51!1|MId=o090170510011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֣רָץ רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.ran|Ref=1SA_17:51!1|MId=o090170510012|Strong=7323|Frame=A0:090170510021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּ֠וִד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:51!2|MId=o090170510021|Strong=1732 4-5 וַיַּעֲמֹ֨ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:51!3|MId=o090170510031|Strong=2050b 5 יַּעֲמֹ֨ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.stood|Ref=1SA_17:51!3|MId=o090170510032|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:090170510021;|Type=wayyiqtol 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:51!4|MId=o090170510041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:51!5|MId=o090170510051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=1SA_17:51!5|MId=o090170510052|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 9-10 וַיִּקַּ֣ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:51!6|MId=o090170510061|Strong=2050b 10 יִּקַּ֣ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=1SA_17:51!6|MId=o090170510062|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090170510021;A1:090170510081;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_17:51!7|MId=o090170510071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 חַ֠רְבּוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 חַ֠רְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=1SA_17:51!8|MId=o090170510081|Strong=2719 13 וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:51!8|MId=o090170510082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-16 וַֽיִּשְׁלְפָ֤הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:51!9|MId=o090170510091|Strong=2050b 15 יִּשְׁלְפ שָׁלַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_17:51!9|MId=o090170510092|Strong=8025|Frame=A0:090170510021;A1:090170510093;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 ָ֤הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=drew.it.out|Ref=1SA_17:51!9|MId=o090170510093|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17-19 מִתַּעְרָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_17:51!10|MId=o090170510101|Strong=4480 18 תַּעְר תַּעַר NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=sheath|Ref=1SA_17:51!10|MId=o090170510102|Strong=8593 19 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=1SA_17:51!10|MId=o090170510103|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 20-22 וַיְמֹ֣תְתֵ֔הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:51!11|MId=o090170510111|Strong=2050b 21 יְמֹ֣תְת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=POLEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_17:51!11|MId=o090170510112|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:090170510021;A1:090170510113;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 ֵ֔הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=killed.him|Ref=1SA_17:51!11|MId=o090170510113|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 23-24 וַיִּכְרָת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:51!12|MId=o090170510121|Strong=2050b 24 יִּכְרָת־ כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.cut.off|Ref=1SA_17:51!12|MId=o090170510122|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:090170510021;A1:090170510151;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 בָּ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_17:51!13|MId=o090170510131|Strong=0871a 26 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=1SA_17:51!13|MId=o090170510132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 27 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_17:51!14|MId=o090170510141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 רֹאשׁ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 רֹאשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=head|Ref=1SA_17:51!15|MId=o090170510151|Strong=7218 29 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:51!15|MId=o090170510152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30-31 וַיִּרְא֧וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:51!16|MId=o090170510161|Strong=2050b 31 יִּרְא֧וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.saw|Ref=1SA_17:51!16|MId=o090170510162|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090170510172;A1:090170510191;|Type=wayyiqtol 32-33 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:51!17|MId=o090170510171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ Gloss=Philistines|Ref=1SA_17:51!17|MId=o090170510172|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 34 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_17:51!18|MId=o090170510181|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 35 מֵ֥ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 31 ccomp _ Gloss=he.had.died|Ref=1SA_17:51!19|MId=o090170510191|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:090170510201;|Type=qatal 36-37 גִּבּוֹרָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 גִּבּוֹר גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Gloss=their.mighty|Ref=1SA_17:51!20|MId=o090170510201|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 37 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[man]|Ref=1SA_17:51!20|MId=o090170510202|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 38-39 וַיָּנֻֽסוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:51!21|MId=o090170510211|Strong=2050b 39 יָּנֻֽסוּ נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.fled|Ref=1SA_17:51!21|MId=o090170510212|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:090170510172;|Type=wayyiqtol 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:51!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּרָץ *he ran* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יַּעֲמֹד *he stood* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | חַרְבּ *sword* | | | | יִּשְׁלְפ *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | ָהּ *drew it out* | | | | יְמֹתְת *he* | wayyiqtol · polel | דָּוִד *David* | ֵהוּ *killed him* | | | | יִּכְרָת־ *he cut off* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | רֹאשׁ *head* | | | | יִּרְאוּ *they saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | פְּלִשְׁתִּים *Philistines* | מֵת *he had died* | | | | מֵת *he had died* | qatal · qal | גִּבּוֹר *their mighty* | | | | | יָּנֻֽסוּ *they fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | פְּלִשְׁתִּים *Philistines* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּרְהַט דָוִד וְקָם עַל פְּלִשְׁתָּאָה וּנְסִיב יַת חַרְבֵּיהּ וְשַׁלְפָא מִנְדָנָהּ וְקַטְלֵיהּ וּפְסַק בֵּיהּ יַת רֵישֵׁיהּ וַחֲזוֹ פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי אֲרֵי מִית גִבַּרְהוֹן וְאַפִּיכוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David ran, and stood over the Philistine, and took his sword, and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him, and cut off his head therewith.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.505/) 2. [And when the Philistines saw that their mighty man was dead, they fled.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.506/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:456`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:50](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.50/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:52](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.52/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)