--- title: 1 Samuel 17:57 — And as David returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, Abner to… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And as David returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, Abner took him, and brought him before Saul with the head of the Philistine in his hand. Who acts: David, Abner. 1 Samuel 17:57 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.57/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:57 # 1 Samuel 17:57 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, Abner · **What happens:** return, take, bring, slaughter · **To what, where:** slaughter, David, Philistine This is 1 Samuel 17:57 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, Abner — and what happens in the verse to slaughter, David, Philistine, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּכְשׁ֣וּב דָּוִ֗ד מֵֽהַכּוֹת֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ אַבְנֵ֔ר וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וְרֹ֥אשׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ [And as David returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, Abner took him, and brought him before Saul with the head of the Philistine in his hand.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.513/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:462 # text = וּכְשׁ֣וּב דָּוִ֗ד מֵֽהַכּוֹת֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ אַבְנֵ֔ר וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וְרֹ֥אשׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ # verse = 1SA.17.57 1-3 וּכְשׁ֣וּב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:57!1|MId=o090170570011|Strong=2050b 2 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=1SA_17:57!1|MId=o090170570012|Strong=3509a 3 שׁ֣וּב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 dislocated _ Gloss=as.returned|Ref=1SA_17:57!1|MId=o090170570013|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:090170570021;|Type=infinitive_construct 4 דָּוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_17:57!2|MId=o090170570021|Strong=1732 5-6 מֵֽהַכּוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_17:57!3|MId=o090170570031|Strong=4480 6 הַכּוֹת֙ נָכָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 3 advcl _ Gloss=when.struck.down|Ref=1SA_17:57!3|MId=o090170570032|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:090170570021;A0:090170570052;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_17:57!4|MId=o090170570041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:57!5|MId=o090170570051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=1SA_17:57!5|MId=o090170570052|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 10-11 וַיִּקַּ֤ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:57!6|MId=o090170570061|Strong=2050b 11 יִּקַּ֤ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=1SA_17:57!6|MId=o090170570062|Strong=3947|Frame=A1:090170570072;A0:090170570081;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 אֹתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_17:57!7|MId=o090170570071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 13 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_17:57!7|MId=o090170570072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14 אַבְנֵ֔ר אַבְנֵר PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Abner|Ref=1SA_17:57!8|MId=o090170570081|Strong=0074 15-17 וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:57!9|MId=o090170570091|Strong=2050b 16 יְבִא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_17:57!9|MId=o090170570092|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:090170570081;A0:090170570093;|Type=wayyiqtol 17 ֵ֖הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=brought.him|Ref=1SA_17:57!9|MId=o090170570093|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 18-19 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_17:57!10|MId=o090170570101|Strong=3807a 19 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 16 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_17:57!10|MId=o090170570102|Strong=6440 20 שָׁא֑וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_17:57!11|MId=o090170570111|Strong=7586 21-22 וְרֹ֥אשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:57!12|MId=o090170570121|Strong=2050b 22 רֹ֥אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=the.head|Ref=1SA_17:57!12|MId=o090170570122|Strong=7218 23-24 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_17:57!13|MId=o090170570131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Philistine|Ref=1SA_17:57!13|MId=o090170570132|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 25-27 בְּיָדֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=1SA_17:57!14|MId=o090170570141|Strong=0871a 26 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_17:57!14|MId=o090170570142|Strong=3027 27 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_17:57!14|MId=o090170570143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:57!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שׁוּב *as returned* | infinitive construct · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | הַכּוֹת *when struck down* | infinitive construct · hiphil | פְּלִשְׁתִּי *Philistine* | | | דָּוִד *David* | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַבְנֵר *Abner* | וֹ *him* | | | | יְבִא *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵהוּ *brought him* | | | אַבְנֵר *Abner* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְכַד תַּב דָוִד מִלְמִקְטַל יַת פְלִשְׁתָּאָה וּדְבַר יָתֵיהּ אַבְנֵר וְאַיְתֵיהּ קֳדָם שָׁאוּל וְרֵישָׁא דִפְלִשְׁתָּאָה בִּידֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And as David returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, Abner took him, and brought him before Saul with the head of the Philistine in his hand.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.513/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:462`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:56](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.56/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:58](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.58/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)