--- title: 1 Samuel 17:8 — And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them: 'Why do ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me. Who acts: champion, ye, I, your. 1 Samuel 17:8 in Hebrew with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/) / 17:8 # 1 Samuel 17:8 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** champion, ye, I, your · **What happens:** stand, cry, say, come out, set, not be · **To what, where:** battle, array, Philistine, Saul, man, you · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 17:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — champion, ye, I, your — and what happens in the verse to battle, array, Philistine, Saul, man, you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ אֶל־מַעַרְכֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לָ֥מָּה תֵצְא֖וּ לַעֲרֹ֣ךְ מִלְחָמָ֑ה הֲל֧וֹא אָנֹכִ֣י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲבָדִ֣ים לְשָׁא֔וּל בְּרוּ־לָכֶ֥ם אִ֖ישׁ וְיֵרֵ֥ד אֵלָֽי׃ [And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them: 'Why do ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.459/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:413 # text = וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ אֶל־מַעַרְכֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לָ֥מָּה תֵצְא֖וּ לַעֲרֹ֣ךְ מִלְחָמָ֑ה הֲל֧וֹא אָנֹכִ֣י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲבָדִ֣ים לְשָׁא֔וּל בְּרוּ־לָכֶ֥ם אִ֖ישׁ וְיֵרֵ֥ד אֵלָֽי׃ # verse = 1SA.17.8 1-2 וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:8!1|MId=o090170080011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעֲמֹ֗ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.stood|Ref=1SA_17:8!1|MId=o090170080012|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:090170040021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וַיִּקְרָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:8!2|MId=o090170080021|Strong=2050b 4 יִּקְרָא֙ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.called.out|Ref=1SA_17:8!2|MId=o090170080022|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:090170040021;|Type=wayyiqtol 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:8!3|MId=o090170080031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 מַעַרְכֹ֣ת מַעֲרָכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=the.battle.lines|Ref=1SA_17:8!4|MId=o090170080041|Strong=4634 7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_17:8!5|MId=o090170080051|Strong=3478 8-9 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:8!6|MId=o090170080061|Strong=2050b 9 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_17:8!6|MId=o090170080062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090170040021;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 לָהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ל לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:8!7|MId=o090170080071|Strong=3807a 11 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_17:8!7|MId=o090170080072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12-13 לָ֥מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לָ֥ לָמָה ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_17:8!8|MId=o090170080081|Strong=3807a 13 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 14 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=1SA_17:8!8|MId=o090170080082|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 14 תֵצְא֖וּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 9 ccomp _ Gloss=do.you.come.out|Ref=1SA_17:8!9|MId=o090170080091|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:090170080041;|Type=yiqtol 15-16 לַעֲרֹ֣ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:8!10|MId=o090170080101|Strong=3807a 16 עֲרֹ֣ךְ עָרַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 advcl _ Gloss=deploy|Ref=1SA_17:8!10|MId=o090170080102|Strong=6186|Frame=A0:090170080041;A1:090170080111;|Type=infinitive_construct 17 מִלְחָמָ֑ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=battle|Ref=1SA_17:8!11|MId=o090170080111|Strong=4421 18-19 הֲל֧וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=1SA_17:8!12|MId=o090170080121|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 19 ל֧וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_17:8!12|MId=o090170080122|Strong=3808|Type=negative 20 אָנֹכִ֣י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ Gloss=[am].I|Ref=1SA_17:8!13|MId=o090170080131|Strong=0595|Type=personal 21-22 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_17:8!14|MId=o090170080141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 parataxis _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=1SA_17:8!14|MId=o090170080142|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 23-24 וְאַתֶּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and.[are]|Ref=1SA_17:8!15|MId=o090170080151|Strong=2050b 24 אַתֶּם֙ אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=you?|Ref=1SA_17:8!15|MId=o090170080152|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 25 עֲבָדִ֣ים עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 conj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=1SA_17:8!16|MId=o090170080161|Strong=5650 26-27 לְשָׁא֔וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_17:8!17|MId=o090170080171|Strong=3807a 27 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 25 nmod _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_17:8!17|MId=o090170080172|Strong=7586 28 בְּרוּ־ בָּרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 14 parataxis _ Gloss=commission|Ref=1SA_17:8!18|MId=o090170080181|Strong=1262a|Frame=A0:090170080041;A1:090170080201;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 לָכֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 ל לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_17:8!19|MId=o090170080191|Strong=3807a 30 ָכֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=yourselves|Ref=1SA_17:8!19|MId=o090170080192|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 31 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=1SA_17:8!20|MId=o090170080201|Strong=0376 32-33 וְיֵרֵ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_17:8!21|MId=o090170080211|Strong=2050b 33 יֵרֵ֥ד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 conj _ Gloss=let.him.come.down|Ref=1SA_17:8!21|MId=o090170080212|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:090170080201;|Type=jussive 34-35 אֵלָֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_17:8!22|MId=o090170080221|Strong=0413 35 ָֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_17:8!22|MId=o090170080222|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=1SA_17:8!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעֲמֹד *he stood* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּקְרָא *he called out* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תֵצְאוּ *do you come out* | yiqtol · qal | מַעַרְכֹת *the battle lines* | | | | | עֲרֹךְ *deploy* | infinitive construct · qal | מַעַרְכֹת *the battle lines* | מִלְחָמָה *battle* | | | | בְּרוּ־ *commission* | imperative · qal | מַעַרְכֹת *the battle lines* | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | יֵרֵד *let him come down* | jussive · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקָם וְאַכְרֵיז עַל סִדְרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן לְמָה תִפְקוּן לְסַדְרָא קְרָבָא הֲלָא אֲנָא פְלִשְׁתָּאָה וְאַתּוּן עַבְדִין לְשָׁאוּל (אֲנָא הוּא גָלְיָת פְּלִשְׁתְּאָה דְמִן גַת דִקְטָלִית תְּרֵין בְּנֵי עֵלִי כַּהֲנֵי חָפְנִי וּפִינְחָס וּשְׁבֵיתִי יַת אַרוֹן קֳיָמָא דַייָ וְאוֹבֵלִית יָתֵיהּ לְבֵית דָגוֹן טַעֲוָתִי וַהֲוָה תַמָן בְּקִירְוֵי פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי שַׁבְעָא יַרְחִין אַף כָּל קְרָב וּקְרָב דַהֲווֹ לְהוֹן לִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי אֲנָא נָפֵיק בְּרֵישׁ חֵילָא וּנְצַחְנָא בִקְרָבָא וּרְמִינָא קְטִילִין כְּעַפְרָא דְאַרְעָא וְעַד כְּעַן לָא אַכְשָׁרוּ יָתִי פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי לְמֶהֱוֵי רַב אַלְפָא עִלַוֵיהוֹן וְאַתּוּן בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מַה גְבוּרָה עֲבַד לְכוֹן שָׁאוּל בַּר קִישׁ דְמִן גִבְעֲתָא דְמַנִיתוּן יָתֵיהּ מַלְכָּא עִלַוֵיכוֹן אִם גְבַר גִבָּר הוּא יֵיחוֹת וְיַעְבֵּיד קְרָבָא עִמִי וְאִם גְבַר חַלָשׁ הוּא) בְּחַרוּ לְכוֹן גַבְרָא וְיֵחוֹת לְוָתִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them: 'Why do ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.459/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:413`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 17:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.7/) - next →: [1 Samuel 17:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.9/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/17/)