--- title: 1 Samuel 18:11 — And Saul cast the spear; for he said: 'I will smite David even to th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul cast the spear; for he said: 'I will smite David even to the wall.' And David stepped aside out of his presence twice. Who acts: Saul, I, David. 1 Samuel 18:11 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/) / 18:11 # 1 Samuel 18:11 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, I, David · **What happens:** cast, say, smite, step · **To what, where:** spear, David, presence · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 18:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, I, David — and what happens in the verse to spear, David, presence, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֤טֶל שָׁאוּל֙ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֔ית וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַכֶּ֥ה בְדָוִ֖ד וּבַקִּ֑יר וַיִּסֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֛ד מִפָּנָ֖יו פַּעֲמָֽיִם׃ [And Saul cast the spear; for he said: 'I will smite David even to the wall.' And David stepped aside out of his presence twice.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.525/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:474 # text = וַיָּ֤טֶל שָׁאוּל֙ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֔ית וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַכֶּ֥ה בְדָוִ֖ד וּבַקִּ֑יר וַיִּסֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֛ד מִפָּנָ֖יו פַּעֲמָֽיִם׃ # verse = 1SA.18.11 1-2 וַיָּ֤טֶל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:11!1|MId=o090180110011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֤טֶל טוּל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.hurled|Ref=1SA_18:11!1|MId=o090180110012|Strong=2904|Frame=AA:090180110021;A0:090180110042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁאוּל֙ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_18:11!2|MId=o090180110021|Strong=7586 4 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_18:11!3|MId=o090180110031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַחֲנִ֔ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_18:11!4|MId=o090180110041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 חֲנִ֔ית חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=spear|Ref=1SA_18:11!4|MId=o090180110042|Strong=2595 7-8 וַיֹּ֕אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:11!5|MId=o090180110051|Strong=2050b 8 יֹּ֕אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_18:11!5|MId=o090180110052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090180110021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 אַכֶּ֥ה נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 8 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.strike|Ref=1SA_18:11!6|MId=o090180110061|Strong=5221|Frame=A0:090180110021;|Type=yiqtol 10-11 בְדָוִ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(on)|Ref=1SA_18:11!7|MId=o090180110071|Strong=0871a 11 דָוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_18:11!7|MId=o090180110072|Strong=1732 12-15 וּבַקִּ֑יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:11!8|MId=o090180110081|Strong=2050b 13 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(on)|Ref=1SA_18:11!8|MId=o090180110082|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_18:11!8|MId=o090180110082ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 קִּ֑יר קִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=wall|Ref=1SA_18:11!8|MId=o090180110083|Strong=7023 16-17 וַיִּסֹּ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:11!9|MId=o090180110091|Strong=2050b 17 יִּסֹּ֥ב סָבַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went.around|Ref=1SA_18:11!9|MId=o090180110092|Strong=5437|Frame=A0:090180110101;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 דָּוִ֛ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 17 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_18:11!10|MId=o090180110101|Strong=1732 19-21 מִפָּנָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_18:11!11|MId=o090180110111|Strong=4480 20 פָּנָ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 17 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_18:11!11|MId=o090180110112|Strong=6440 21 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_18:11!11|MId=o090180110113|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22 פַּעֲמָֽיִם פַּעַם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 17 obl _ Gloss=two.times|Ref=1SA_18:11!12|MId=o090180110121|Strong=6471|SpaceAfter=No 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=1SA_18:11!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּטֶל *he hurled* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | חֲנִית *spear* | | | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | אַכֶּה *I will strike* | yiqtol · hiphil | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יִּסֹּב *he went around* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲרִים שָׁאוּל יַת מוּרְנִיתָא וַאֲמַר אֶמְחִינֵיהּ בְּדָוִד וְאַבְרְזִינֵיהּ בְּכוֹתְלָא וְאִסְתְּחַר דָוִד מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי תַּרְתֵּין זִמְנִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul cast the spear; for he said: 'I will smite David even to the wall.' And David stepped aside out of his presence twice.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.525/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:474`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 18:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.10/) - next →: [1 Samuel 18:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.12/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/)