--- title: 1 Samuel 18:21 — And Saul said: 'I will give him her, that she may be a snare to him,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul said: 'I will give him her, that she may be a snare to him, and that the hand of the Philistines may be against him.' Wherefore Saul said to David: 'Thou shalt this day be my son-in-law through the one of the twain.' Who acts: Saul, I, daughter, hand. 1 Samuel 18:21 in Hebrew with its depen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/) / 18:21 # 1 Samuel 18:21 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, I, daughter, hand, Thou · **What happens:** say, give, be · **To what, where:** daughter, Saul, snare, David, son, law · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 18:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, I, daughter, hand, Thou — and what happens in the verse to daughter, Saul, snare, David, son, law, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶתְּנֶ֤נָּה לּוֹ֙ וּתְהִי־ל֣וֹ לְמוֹקֵ֔שׁ וּתְהִי־ב֖וֹ יַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד בִּשְׁתַּ֛יִם תִּתְחַתֵּ֥ן בִּ֖י הַיּֽוֹם׃ [And Saul said: 'I will give him her, that she may be a snare to him, and that the hand of the Philistines may be against him.' Wherefore Saul said to David: 'Thou shalt this day be my son-in-law through the one of the twain.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.535/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:484 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶתְּנֶ֤נָּה לּוֹ֙ וּתְהִי־ל֣וֹ לְמוֹקֵ֔שׁ וּתְהִי־ב֖וֹ יַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד בִּשְׁתַּ֛יִם תִּתְחַתֵּ֥ן בִּ֖י הַיּֽוֹם׃ # verse = 1SA.18.21 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:21!1|MId=o090180210011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_18:21!1|MId=o090180210012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090180210021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֜וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_18:21!2|MId=o090180210021|Strong=7586 4-5 אֶתְּנֶ֤נָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֶתְּנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_18:21!3|MId=o090180210031|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:090180210021;A1:090180210032;|Type=yiqtol 5 ֶ֤נָּה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obj _ Gloss=will.give.her|Ref=1SA_18:21!3|MId=o090180210032|Strong=5089a|Type=pronominal 6-7 לּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:21!4|MId=o090180210041|Strong=3807a 7 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_18:21!4|MId=o090180210042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8-9 וּתְהִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=1SA_18:21!5|MId=o090180210051|Strong=2050b 9 תְהִי־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 cop _ Gloss=that.she.may.become|Ref=1SA_18:21!5|MId=o090180210052|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090180200021;|Type=jussive 10-11 ל֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ל לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_18:21!6|MId=o090180210061|Strong=3807a 11 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_18:21!6|MId=o090180210062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 לְמוֹקֵ֔שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=1SA_18:21!7|MId=o090180210071|Strong=3807a 13 מוֹקֵ֔שׁ מוֹקֵשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=snare|Ref=1SA_18:21!7|MId=o090180210072|Strong=4170 14-15 וּתְהִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:21!8|MId=o090180210081|Strong=2050b 15 תְהִי־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 cop _ Gloss=so.that.it.may.be|Ref=1SA_18:21!8|MId=o090180210082|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090180210101;|Type=jussive 16-17 ב֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_18:21!9|MId=o090180210091|Strong=0871a 17 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 conj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_18:21!9|MId=o090180210092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=1SA_18:21!10|MId=o090180210101|Strong=3027|SpaceAfter=No 19 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_18:21!11|MId=o090180210111|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 20-21 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:21!12|MId=o090180210121|Strong=2050b 21 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_18:21!12|MId=o090180210122|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090180210131;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 שָׁאוּל֙ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 21 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_18:21!13|MId=o090180210131|Strong=7586 23 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:21!14|MId=o090180210141|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 24 דָּוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 21 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_18:21!15|MId=o090180210151|Strong=1732 25-26 בִּשְׁתַּ֛יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_18:21!16|MId=o090180210161|Strong=0871a 26 שְׁתַּ֛יִם שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 27 obl _ Gloss=two.[times]|Ref=1SA_18:21!16|MId=o090180210162|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 27 תִּתְחַתֵּ֥ן חָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 21 ccomp _ Gloss=you.will.be.a.son-in-law|Ref=1SA_18:21!17|MId=o090180210171|Strong=2859|Frame=A0:090180210151;|Type=qatal 28-29 בִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:21!18|MId=o090180210181|Strong=0871a 29 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_18:21!18|MId=o090180210182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 30-31 הַיּֽוֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_18:21!19|MId=o090180210191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 יּֽוֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_18:21!19|MId=o090180210192|Strong=3117 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1SA_18:21!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | אֶתְּנ *I* | yiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | ֶנָּה *will give her* | | | | תְהִי־ *that she may become* | jussive · qal | | | | | | תְהִי־ *so that it may be* | jussive · qal | יַד־ *the hand* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | תִּתְחַתֵּן *you will be a son-in-law* | qatal · hithpael | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר שָׁאוּל אֶתְּנָהּ לֵיהּ וּתְהֵי לֵיהּ לְתַקָלָא וְיִתְמְסַר בִּידָא דִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וַאֲמַר שָׁאוּל לְדָוִד בַּחֲדָא מִתְּרֵין תִּתְחַתֵּן בִּי יוֹמָא דֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul said: 'I will give him her, that she may be a snare to him, and that the hand of the Philistines may be against him.' Wherefore Saul said to David: 'Thou shalt this day be my son-in-law through the one of the twain.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.535/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:484`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 18:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.20/) - next →: [1 Samuel 18:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.22/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/)