--- title: 1 Samuel 18:22 — And Saul commanded his servants: 'Speak with David secretly, and say… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul commanded his servants: 'Speak with David secretly, and say: Behold, the king hath delight in thee, and all his servants love thee; now therefore be the king's son-in-law.' Who acts: Saul, king, servants. 1 Samuel 18:22 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/) / 18:22 # 1 Samuel 18:22 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, king, servants · **What happens:** command, speak, say, have, love, be · **To what, where:** servants, delight, thee, son · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 18:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, king, servants — and what happens in the verse to servants, delight, thee, son, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְצַ֨ו שָׁא֜וּל אֶת־עֲבָדָ֗ודַּבְּר֨וּ אֶל־דָּוִ֤ד בַּלָּט֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֨ה חָפֵ֤ץ בְּךָ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֲהֵב֑וּךָ וְעַתָּ֖ה הִתְחַתֵּ֥ן בַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ [And Saul commanded his servants: 'Speak with David secretly, and say: Behold, the king hath delight in thee, and all his servants love thee; now therefore be the king's son-in-law.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.536/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:485 # text = וַיְצַ֨ו שָׁא֜וּל אֶת־עֲבָדָ֗ודַּבְּר֨וּ אֶל־דָּוִ֤ד בַּלָּט֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֨ה חָפֵ֤ץ בְּךָ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֲהֵב֑וּךָ וְעַתָּ֖ה הִתְחַתֵּ֥ן בַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ # verse = 1SA.18.22 1-2 וַיְצַ֨ו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:22!1|MId=o090180220011|Strong=2050b 2 יְצַ֨ו צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.commanded|Ref=1SA_18:22!1|MId=o090180220012|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:090180220021;A1:090180220041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֜וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_18:22!2|MId=o090180220021|Strong=7586 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_18:22!3|MId=o090180220031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-7 עֲבָדָ֗ודַּבְּר֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 עֲבָד עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=servant|Ref=1SA_18:22!4|MId=o090180220041|Strong=5650 6 ָ֗ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_18:22!4|MId=o090180220042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 דַּבְּר֨וּ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=speak|Ref=1SA_18:22!5|MId=o090180220051|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:090180220041;|Type=imperative 8 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:22!6|MId=o090180220061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 9 דָּוִ֤ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 7 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_18:22!7|MId=o090180220071|Strong=1732 10-12 בַּלָּט֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_18:22!8|MId=o090180220081|Strong=0871a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_18:22!8|MId=o090180220081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 לָּט֙ לָט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=secrecy|Ref=1SA_18:22!8|MId=o090180220082|Strong=3909 13-14 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 16 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_18:22!9|MId=o090180220091|Strong=3807a 14 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_18:22!9|MId=o090180220092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090180220041;|Type=infinitive_construct 15 הִנֵּ֨ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 16 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=1SA_18:22!10|MId=o090180220101|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 16 חָפֵ֤ץ חָפֵץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 ccomp _ Gloss=he.delights|Ref=1SA_18:22!11|MId=o090180220111|Strong=2654|Frame=A0:090180220132;|Type=qatal 17-18 בְּךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_18:22!12|MId=o090180220121|Strong=0871a 18 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_18:22!12|MId=o090180220122|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19-20 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_18:22!13|MId=o090180220131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_18:22!13|MId=o090180220132|Strong=4428 21-22 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:22!14|MId=o090180220141|Strong=2050b 22 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_18:22!14|MId=o090180220142|Strong=3605 23-24 עֲבָדָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 עֲבָדָ֖י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=servants|Ref=1SA_18:22!15|MId=o090180220151|Strong=5650 24 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_18:22!15|MId=o090180220152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25-26 אֲהֵב֑וּךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 אֲהֵב֑וּ אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1SA_18:22!16|MId=o090180220161|Strong=0157|Frame=A0:090180220151;A1:090180220162;|Type=qatal 26 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=love.you|Ref=1SA_18:22!16|MId=o090180220162|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 27-28 וְעַתָּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:22!17|MId=o090180220171|Strong=2050b 28 עַתָּ֖ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=1SA_18:22!17|MId=o090180220172|Strong=6258 29 הִתְחַתֵּ֥ן חָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 16 parataxis _ Gloss=be.son-in-law|Ref=1SA_18:22!18|MId=o090180220181|Strong=2859|Frame=A0:090180220071;|Type=imperative 30-32 בַּמֶּֽלֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:22!19|MId=o090180220191|Strong=0871a 31 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_18:22!19|MId=o090180220191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 מֶּֽלֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_18:22!19|MId=o090180220192|Strong=4428 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=1SA_18:22!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְצַו *he commanded* | wayyiqtol · piel | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | עֲבָד *servant* | | | | דַּבְּרוּ *speak* | imperative · piel | עֲבָד *servant* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | עֲבָד *servant* | | | | | חָפֵץ *he delights* | qatal · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | אֲהֵבוּ *they* | qatal · qal | עֲבָדָי *servants* | ךָ *love you* | | | | הִתְחַתֵּן *be son-in-law* | imperative · hithpael | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּפַקֵיד שָׁאוּל יַת עַבְדוֹהִי מַלִילוּ עִם דָוִד בְּרָז לְמֵימַר הָא אִתְרְעֵי בָּךְ מַלְכָּא וְכָל עַבְדוֹהִי רַחֲמוּךְ וּכְעַן אִתְחַתֵּן בְּמַלְכָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul commanded his servants: 'Speak with David secretly, and say: Behold, the king hath delight in thee, and all his servants love thee; now therefore be the king's son-in-law.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.536/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:485`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 18:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.21/) - next →: [1 Samuel 18:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.23/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/)