--- title: 1 Samuel 18:23 — And Saul's servants spoke those words in the ears of David. And Davi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul's servants spoke those words in the ears of David. And David said: 'Seemeth it to you a light thing to be the king's son-in-law, seeing that I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed?' Who acts: servants, David, I. 1 Samuel 18:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/) / 18:23 # 1 Samuel 18:23 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** servants, David, I · **What happens:** speak, say, seem, be, esteem · **To what, where:** words, ears, delight, you, son, law · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 18:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — servants, David, I — and what happens in the verse to words, ears, delight, you, son, law, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּ עַבְדֵ֤י שָׁאוּל֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד הַֽנְקַלָּ֤ה בְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ הִתְחַתֵּ֣ן בַּמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאָנֹכִ֖י אִֽישׁ־רָ֥שׁ וְנִקְלֶֽה׃ [And Saul's servants spoke those words in the ears of David.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.537/) [And David said: 'Seemeth it to you a light thing to be the king's son-in-law, seeing that I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.538/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:486 # text = וַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּ עַבְדֵ֤י שָׁאוּל֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד הַֽנְקַלָּ֤ה בְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ הִתְחַתֵּ֣ן בַּמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאָנֹכִ֖י אִֽישׁ־רָ֥שׁ וְנִקְלֶֽה׃ # verse = 1SA.18.23 1-2 וַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:23!1|MId=o090180230011|Strong=2050b 2 יְדַבְּר֞וּ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.spoke|Ref=1SA_18:23!1|MId=o090180230012|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:090180230021;A1:090180230072;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 עַבְדֵ֤י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.servants|Ref=1SA_18:23!2|MId=o090180230021|Strong=5650 4 שָׁאוּל֙ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=1SA_18:23!3|MId=o090180230031|Strong=7586 5-6 בְּאָזְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_18:23!4|MId=o090180230041|Strong=0871a 6 אָזְנֵ֣י אֹזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 2 obl _ Gloss=the.ears|Ref=1SA_18:23!4|MId=o090180230042|Strong=0241 7 דָוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=1SA_18:23!5|MId=o090180230051|Strong=1732 8 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_18:23!6|MId=o090180230061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הַדְּבָרִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_18:23!7|MId=o090180230071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 דְּבָרִ֖ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=words|Ref=1SA_18:23!7|MId=o090180230072|Strong=1697 11-12 הָאֵ֑לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_18:23!8|MId=o090180230081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 10 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=1SA_18:23!8|MId=o090180230082|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 13-14 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:23!9|MId=o090180230091|Strong=2050b 14 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_18:23!9|MId=o090180230092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090180230101;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 דָּוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_18:23!10|MId=o090180230101|Strong=1732 16-17 הַֽנְקַלָּ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַֽ הַ PART _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=1SA_18:23!11|MId=o090180230111|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 17 נְקַלָּ֤ה קָלַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 14 ccomp _ Gloss=trifling|Ref=1SA_18:23!11|MId=o090180230112|Strong=7043|Frame=A0:090180230131;|Type=participle_active 18-20 בְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_18:23!12|MId=o090180230121|Strong=0871a 19 עֵֽינֵי עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 17 obl _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=1SA_18:23!12|MId=o090180230122|Strong=5869 20 כֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_18:23!12|MId=o090180230123|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 21 הִתְחַתֵּ֣ן חָתַן VERB _ HebBinyan=HITHPAEL 17 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].to.be.son-in-law|Ref=1SA_18:23!13|MId=o090180230131|Strong=2859|Type=infinitive_construct 22-24 בַּמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:23!14|MId=o090180230141|Strong=0871a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_18:23!14|MId=o090180230141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_18:23!14|MId=o090180230142|Strong=4428 25-26 וְאָנֹכִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:23!15|MId=o090180230151|Strong=2050b 26 אָנֹכִ֖י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_18:23!15|MId=o090180230152|Strong=0595|Type=personal 27 אִֽישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=[am].a.man|Ref=1SA_18:23!16|MId=o090180230161|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 28 רָ֥שׁ רוּשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 27 acl:relcl _ Gloss=poor|Ref=1SA_18:23!17|MId=o090180230171|Strong=7326|Frame=A0:090180230161;|Type=participle_active 29-30 וְנִקְלֶֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:23!18|MId=o090180230181|Strong=2050b 30 נִקְלֶֽה קָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 28 conj _ Gloss=lightly.esteemed|Ref=1SA_18:23!18|MId=o090180230182|Strong=7034|Frame=A0:090180230161;|Type=participle_active 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1SA_18:23!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְדַבְּרוּ *they spoke* | wayyiqtol · piel | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | דְּבָרִים *words* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | נְקַלָּה *trifling* | participle active · niphal | הִתְחַתֵּן *\[is\] to be son-in-law* | | | | | רָשׁ *poor* | participle active · qal | אִֽישׁ־ *\[am\] a man* | | | | | נִקְלֶֽה *lightly esteemed* | participle active · niphal | אִֽישׁ־ *\[am\] a man* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמַלִילוּ עַבְדֵי שָׁאוּל קֳדָם דָוִד יַת פִּתְגָמַיָא הָאִלֵין וַאֲמַר דָוִד הַזְעֵירָא בְּעֵינֵיכוֹן לְאִתְחַתָּנָא בְּמַלְכָּא וַאֲנָא גְבַר מִסְכֵּן וְהֶדְיוֹט: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul's servants spoke those words in the ears of David.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.537/) 2. [And David said: 'Seemeth it to you a light thing to be the king's son-in-law, seeing that I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.538/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:486`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 18:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.22/) - next →: [1 Samuel 18:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.24/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/)