--- title: 1 Samuel 18:25 — And Saul said: 'Thus shall ye say to David: The king desireth not an… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul said: 'Thus shall ye say to David: The king desireth not any dowry, but a hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's enemies.' For Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines. Who acts: Saul, ye, king, David. 1 Samuel 18:25 in Hebrew with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/) / 18:25 # 1 Samuel 18:25 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, ye, king, David · **What happens:** say, not desire, avenge, think, make, fall · **To what, where:** David, dowry · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 18:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, ye, king, David — and what happens in the verse to David, dowry, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל כֹּֽה־תֹאמְר֣וּ לְדָוִ֗ד אֵֽין־חֵ֤פֶץ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּמֹ֔הַר כִּ֗י בְּמֵאָה֙ עָרְל֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם בְּאֹיְבֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְשָׁא֣וּל חָשַׁ֔ב לְהַפִּ֥יל אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ [And Saul said: 'Thus shall ye say to David: The king desireth not any dowry, but a hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's enemies.' For Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.540/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:488 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל כֹּֽה־תֹאמְר֣וּ לְדָוִ֗ד אֵֽין־חֵ֤פֶץ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּמֹ֔הַר כִּ֗י בְּמֵאָה֙ עָרְל֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם בְּאֹיְבֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְשָׁא֣וּל חָשַׁ֔ב לְהַפִּ֥יל אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ # verse = 1SA.18.25 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:25!1|MId=o090180250011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_18:25!1|MId=o090180250012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090180250021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֜וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_18:25!2|MId=o090180250021|Strong=7586 4 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=1SA_18:25!3|MId=o090180250031|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 5 תֹאמְר֣וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=1SA_18:25!4|MId=o090180250041|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090180240021;|Type=yiqtol 6-7 לְדָוִ֗ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:25!5|MId=o090180250051|Strong=3807a 7 דָוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_18:25!5|MId=o090180250052|Strong=1732 8 אֵֽין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 5 ccomp _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=1SA_18:25!6|MId=o090180250061|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 9 חֵ֤פֶץ חֵפֶץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=delight|Ref=1SA_18:25!7|MId=o090180250071|Strong=2656 10-12 לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_18:25!8|MId=o090180250081|Strong=3807a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_18:25!8|MId=o090180250081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_18:25!8|MId=o090180250082|Strong=4428 13-14 בְּמֹ֔הַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_18:25!9|MId=o090180250091|Strong=0871a 14 מֹ֔הַר מֹהַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=bride-price|Ref=1SA_18:25!9|MId=o090180250092|Strong=4119 15 כִּ֗י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_18:25!10|MId=o090180250101|Strong=3588 16-17 בְּמֵאָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_18:25!11|MId=o090180250111|Strong=0871a 17 מֵאָה֙ מֵאָה NUM _ Number=Sing 18 nummod _ Gloss=a.hundred|Ref=1SA_18:25!11|MId=o090180250112|Strong=3967|Type=cardinal_number 18 עָרְל֣וֹת עׇרְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 8 advcl _ Gloss=foreskins|Ref=1SA_18:25!12|MId=o090180250121|Strong=6190 19 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Philistines|Ref=1SA_18:25!13|MId=o090180250131|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 20-21 לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:25!14|MId=o090180250141|Strong=3807a 21 הִנָּקֵ֖ם נָקַם VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 18 advcl _ Gloss=avenge.himself|Ref=1SA_18:25!14|MId=o090180250142|Strong=5358|Frame=A0:090180250083;|Type=infinitive_construct 22-23 בְּאֹיְבֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_18:25!15|MId=o090180250151|Strong=0871a 23 אֹיְבֵ֣י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=the.enemies|Ref=1SA_18:25!15|MId=o090180250152|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 24-25 הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_18:25!16|MId=o090180250161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 מֶּ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=1SA_18:25!16|MId=o090180250162|Strong=4428 26-27 וְשָׁא֣וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:25!17|MId=o090180250171|Strong=2050b 27 שָׁא֣וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 28 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_18:25!17|MId=o090180250172|Strong=7586 28 חָשַׁ֔ב חָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=he.planned|Ref=1SA_18:25!18|MId=o090180250181|Strong=2803|Frame=A0:090180250172;|Type=qatal 29-30 לְהַפִּ֥יל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:25!19|MId=o090180250191|Strong=3807a 30 הַפִּ֥יל נָפַל VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 28 advcl _ Gloss=make.fall|Ref=1SA_18:25!19|MId=o090180250192|Strong=5307|Frame=AA:090180250172;A0:090180250211;|Type=infinitive_construct 31 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_18:25!20|MId=o090180250201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 32 דָּוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 30 obj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_18:25!21|MId=o090180250211|Strong=1732 33-34 בְּיַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_18:25!22|MId=o090180250221|Strong=0871a 34 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=1SA_18:25!22|MId=o090180250222|Strong=3027 35 פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_18:25!23|MId=o090180250231|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic|SpaceAfter=No 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=1SA_18:25!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | **not** תֹאמְרוּ *you will say* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | הִנָּקֵם *avenge himself* | infinitive construct · niphal | | | | | | חָשַׁב *he planned* | qatal · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | הַפִּיל *make fall* | infinitive construct · hiphil | דָּוִד *David* | | | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר שָׁאוּל כְּדֵין תֵּימְרוּן לְדָוִד לָא רַעֲוָא לְמַלְכָּא בְּמוֹהֲרִין אֱלָהֵין בְּמֵאָה עָרְלַת פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי לְאִתְפְּרָעָא בְּשַׂנְאֵי מַלְכָּא וְשָׁאוּל חָשִׁיב לְמִמְסַר יַת דָוִד בִּידָא דִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul said: 'Thus shall ye say to David: The king desireth not any dowry, but a hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's enemies.' For Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.540/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:488`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 18:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.24/) - next →: [1 Samuel 18:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.26/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/)