--- title: 1 Samuel 18:4 — And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gav… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his apparel, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle. Who acts: Jonathan, robe. 1 Samuel 18:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/) / 18:4 # 1 Samuel 18:4 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Jonathan, robe · **What happens:** strip, be, give · **To what, where:** Jonathan, robe, David This is 1 Samuel 18:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, robe — and what happens in the verse to Jonathan, robe, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣ט יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן אֶֽת־הַמְּעִיל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֔יו וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּ לְדָוִ֑ד וּמַדָּ֕יו וְעַד־חַרְבּ֥וֹ וְעַד־קַשְׁתּ֖וֹ וְעַד־חֲגֹרֽוֹ׃ [And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his apparel, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.518/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:467 # text = וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣ט יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן אֶֽת־הַמְּעִיל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֔יו וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּ לְדָוִ֑ד וּמַדָּ֕יו וְעַד־חַרְבּ֥וֹ וְעַד־קַשְׁתּ֖וֹ וְעַד־חֲגֹרֽוֹ׃ # verse = 1SA.18.4 1-2 וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:4!1|MId=o090180040011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣ט פָּשַׁט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.stripped.himself|Ref=1SA_18:4!1|MId=o090180040012|Strong=6584|Frame=A0:090180040021;A1:090180040042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן יְהוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_18:4!2|MId=o090180040021|Strong=3083 4 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_18:4!3|MId=o090180040031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַמְּעִיל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_18:4!4|MId=o090180040041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 מְּעִיל֙ מְעִיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=robe|Ref=1SA_18:4!4|MId=o090180040042|Strong=4598 7 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_18:4!5|MId=o090180040051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 8-9 עָלָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 עָלָ֔י עַל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=[was].on|Ref=1SA_18:4!6|MId=o090180040061|Strong=5921 9 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_18:4!6|MId=o090180040062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10-12 וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:4!7|MId=o090180040071|Strong=2050b 11 יִּתְּנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_18:4!7|MId=o090180040072|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:090180040021;A1:090180040073;090180040092;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 ֵ֖הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=gave.it|Ref=1SA_18:4!7|MId=o090180040073|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 13-14 לְדָוִ֑ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:4!8|MId=o090180040081|Strong=3807a 14 דָוִ֑ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_18:4!8|MId=o090180040082|Strong=1732 15-17 וּמַדָּ֕יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:4!9|MId=o090180040091|Strong=2050b 16 מַדָּ֕י מַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 conj _ Gloss=garments|Ref=1SA_18:4!9|MId=o090180040092|Strong=4055 17 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_18:4!9|MId=o090180040093|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-19 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:4!10|MId=o090180040101|Strong=2050b 19 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:4!10|MId=o090180040102|Strong=5704 20-21 חַרְבּ֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 חַרְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=1SA_18:4!11|MId=o090180040111|Strong=2719 21 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_18:4!11|MId=o090180040112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22-23 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:4!12|MId=o090180040121|Strong=2050b 23 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:4!12|MId=o090180040122|Strong=5704 24-25 קַשְׁתּ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 קַשְׁתּ קֶשֶׁת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=bow|Ref=1SA_18:4!13|MId=o090180040131|Strong=7198 25 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_18:4!13|MId=o090180040132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-27 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_18:4!14|MId=o090180040141|Strong=2050b 27 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_18:4!14|MId=o090180040142|Strong=5704 28-29 חֲגֹרֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 חֲגֹר חֲגוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=belt|Ref=1SA_18:4!15|MId=o090180040151|Strong=2290 29 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_18:4!15|MId=o090180040152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=1SA_18:4!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּתְפַּשֵּׁט *he stripped himself* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | מְּעִיל *robe* | | | | יִּתְּנ *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | ֵהוּ *gave it* + מַדָּי *garments* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַשְׁלַח יְהוֹנָתָן יַת מְעִילָא דִי עֲלוֹהִי וְיַהֲבֵיהּ לְדָוִד וּלְבוּשׁוֹהִי וְעַד חַרְבֵּיהּ וְעַד קַשְׁתֵּיהּ וְעַד זְרָזֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his apparel, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.518/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:467`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 18:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.3/) - next →: [1 Samuel 18:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.5/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/)