--- title: 1 Samuel 19:10 — And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the spear; but… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the spear; but he slipped away out of Saul's presence, and he smote the spear into the wall; and David fled, and escaped that night. Who acts: Saul, David. 1 Samuel 19:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/19/) / 19:10 # 1 Samuel 19:10 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, David · **What happens:** seek, smite, slip away, flee, escape · **To what, where:** David, presence, spear, wall This is 1 Samuel 19:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, David — and what happens in the verse to David, presence, spear, wall, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְבַקֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֜וּל לְהַכּ֤וֹת בַּֽחֲנִית֙ בְּדָוִ֣ד וּבַקִּ֔יר וַיִּפְטַר֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֖ית בַּקִּ֑יר וְדָוִ֛ד נָ֥ס וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הֽוּא׃פ [And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the spear; but he slipped away out of Saul's presence, and he smote the spear into the wall; and David fled, and escaped that night.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.558/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:503 # text = וַיְבַקֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֜וּל לְהַכּ֤וֹת בַּֽחֲנִית֙ בְּדָוִ֣ד וּבַקִּ֔יר וַיִּפְטַר֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֖ית בַּקִּ֑יר וְדָוִ֛ד נָ֥ס וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הֽוּא׃פ # verse = 1SA.19.10 1-2 וַיְבַקֵּ֨שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:10!1|MId=o090190100011|Strong=2050b 2 יְבַקֵּ֨שׁ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sought|Ref=1SA_19:10!1|MId=o090190100012|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:090190100021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֜וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_19:10!2|MId=o090190100021|Strong=7586 4-5 לְהַכּ֤וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_19:10!3|MId=o090190100031|Strong=3807a 5 הַכּ֤וֹת נָכָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 advcl _ Gloss=strike|Ref=1SA_19:10!3|MId=o090190100032|Strong=5221|Frame=A0:090190100021;|Type=infinitive_construct 6-8 בַּֽחֲנִית֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_19:10!4|MId=o090190100041|Strong=0871a 7 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=1SA_19:10!4|MId=o090190100041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 חֲנִית֙ חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=spear|Ref=1SA_19:10!4|MId=o090190100042|Strong=2595 9-10 בְּדָוִ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(on)|Ref=1SA_19:10!5|MId=o090190100051|Strong=0871a 10 דָוִ֣ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_19:10!5|MId=o090190100052|Strong=1732 11-14 וּבַקִּ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:10!6|MId=o090190100061|Strong=2050b 12 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(on)|Ref=1SA_19:10!6|MId=o090190100062|Strong=0871a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_19:10!6|MId=o090190100062ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 קִּ֔יר קִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=wall|Ref=1SA_19:10!6|MId=o090190100063|Strong=7023 15-16 וַיִּפְטַר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:10!7|MId=o090190100071|Strong=2050b 16 יִּפְטַר֙ פָּטַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.escaped|Ref=1SA_19:10!7|MId=o090190100072|Strong=6362|Frame=A0:090190100052;|Type=wayyiqtol 17-18 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_19:10!8|MId=o090190100081|Strong=4480 18 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 16 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_19:10!8|MId=o090190100082|Strong=6440 19 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_19:10!9|MId=o090190100091|Strong=7586 20-21 וַיַּ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:10!10|MId=o090190100101|Strong=2050b 21 יַּ֥ךְ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.struck|Ref=1SA_19:10!10|MId=o090190100102|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:090190100091;A0:090190100122;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_19:10!11|MId=o090190100111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 הַחֲנִ֖ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_19:10!12|MId=o090190100121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 חֲנִ֖ית חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=spear|Ref=1SA_19:10!12|MId=o090190100122|Strong=2595 25-27 בַּקִּ֑יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_19:10!13|MId=o090190100131|Strong=0871a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_19:10!13|MId=o090190100131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 קִּ֑יר קִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=wall|Ref=1SA_19:10!13|MId=o090190100132|Strong=7023 28-29 וְדָוִ֛ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:10!14|MId=o090190100141|Strong=2050b 29 דָוִ֛ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 30 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_19:10!14|MId=o090190100142|Strong=1732 30 נָ֥ס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.fled|Ref=1SA_19:10!15|MId=o090190100151|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:090190100142;|Type=qatal 31-32 וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:10!16|MId=o090190100161|Strong=2050b 32 יִּמָּלֵ֖ט מָלַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 30 conj _ Gloss=he.escaped|Ref=1SA_19:10!16|MId=o090190100162|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:090190100142;|Type=wayyiqtol 33-35 בַּלַּ֥יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_19:10!17|MId=o090190100171|Strong=0871a 34 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_19:10!17|MId=o090190100171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 לַּ֥יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=1SA_19:10!17|MId=o090190100172|Strong=3915 36 הֽוּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_19:10!18|MId=o090190100181|Strong=1931|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=1SA_19:10!18|SpaceAfter=No 38 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=1SA_19:10!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְבַקֵּשׁ *he sought* | wayyiqtol · piel | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | הַכּוֹת *strike* | infinitive construct · hiphil | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יִּפְטַר *he escaped* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | יַּךְ *he struck* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | חֲנִית *spear* | | | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | נָס *he fled* | qatal · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | יִּמָּלֵט *he escaped* | wayyiqtol · niphal | דָוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבְעָא שָׁאוּל לְמִימְחֵי בְּמוּרְנִיתָא בְּדָוִד וּלְמִבְרְזֵיהּ בְּכוֹתְלָא וְאִתְפַּטַר מִן קֳדָם שָׁאוּל וּקְבַע יַת מוּרְנִיתָא בְּכוֹתְלָא וְדָוִד עֲרַק וְאִשְׁתֵּיזֵיב בְּלֵילְיָא הַהוּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the spear; but he slipped away out of Saul's presence, and he smote the spear into the wall; and David fled, and escaped that night.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.558/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:503`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 19:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.9/) - next →: [1 Samuel 19:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.11/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/19/)