--- title: 1 Samuel 19:5 — for he put his life in his hand, and smote the Philistine, and the L… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: for he put his life in his hand, and smote the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great victory for all Israel; thou sawest it, and didst rejoice; wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?' Who acts: David, LORD, thou. 1 Samuel 19:5 in Hebrew with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/19/) / 19:5 # 1 Samuel 19:5 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, LORD, thou · **What happens:** put, smote, wrought, see, rejoice, sin · **To what, where:** life, hand, Philistine, great victory, victory, David This is 1 Samuel 19:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, LORD, thou — and what happens in the verse to life, hand, Philistine, great victory, victory, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּשֶׂם֩ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֨וֹ בְכַפּ֜וֹ וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה גְדוֹלָה֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רָאִ֖יתָ וַתִּשְׂמָ֑ח וְלָ֤מָּה תֶֽחֱטָא֙ בְּדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד חִנָּֽם׃ [for he put his life in his hand, and smote the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great victory for all Israel; thou sawest it, and didst rejoice; wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.552/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:498 # text = וַיָּשֶׂם֩ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֨וֹ בְכַפּ֜וֹ וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה גְדוֹלָה֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רָאִ֖יתָ וַתִּשְׂמָ֑ח וְלָ֤מָּה תֶֽחֱטָא֙ בְּדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד חִנָּֽם׃ # verse = 1SA.19.5 1-2 וַיָּשֶׂם֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:5!1|MId=o090190050011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּשֶׂם֩ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.put|Ref=1SA_19:5!1|MId=o090190050012|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:090190040132;A1:090190050031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_19:5!2|MId=o090190050021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 נַפְשׁ֨וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=1SA_19:5!3|MId=o090190050031|Strong=5315 5 ֨וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_19:5!3|MId=o090190050032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 6-8 בְכַפּ֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_19:5!4|MId=o090190050041|Strong=0871a 7 כַפּ כַּף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=palm|Ref=1SA_19:5!4|MId=o090190050042|Strong=3709 8 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_19:5!4|MId=o090190050043|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9-10 וַיַּ֣ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:5!5|MId=o090190050051|Strong=2050b 10 יַּ֣ךְ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.struck.down|Ref=1SA_19:5!5|MId=o090190050052|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:090190040132;A0:090190050072;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_19:5!6|MId=o090190050061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_19:5!7|MId=o090190050071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=1SA_19:5!7|MId=o090190050072|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 14-15 וַיַּ֨עַשׂ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:5!8|MId=o090190050081|Strong=2050b 15 יַּ֨עַשׂ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.made|Ref=1SA_19:5!8|MId=o090190050082|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:090190050091;A1:090190050101;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_19:5!9|MId=o090190050091|Strong=3068 17 תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה תְּשׁוּעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=a.deliverance|Ref=1SA_19:5!10|MId=o090190050101|Strong=8668 18 גְדוֹלָה֙ גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=1SA_19:5!11|MId=o090190050111|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 19-20 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_19:5!12|MId=o090190050121|Strong=3807a 20 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_19:5!12|MId=o090190050122|Strong=3605 21 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_19:5!13|MId=o090190050131|Strong=3478 22 רָאִ֖יתָ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=you.saw|Ref=1SA_19:5!14|MId=o090190050141|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090190040122;|Type=qatal 23-24 וַתִּשְׂמָ֑ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:5!15|MId=o090190050151|Strong=2050b 24 תִּשְׂמָ֑ח שָׂמַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.rejoiced|Ref=1SA_19:5!15|MId=o090190050152|Strong=8055|Frame=A0:090190040122;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-27 וְלָ֤מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:5!16|MId=o090190050161|Strong=2050b 26 לָ֤ לָמָה ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_19:5!16|MId=o090190050162|Strong=3807a 27 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 28 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=1SA_19:5!16|MId=o090190050163|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 28 תֶֽחֱטָא֙ חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=will.you.sin|Ref=1SA_19:5!17|MId=o090190050171|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:090190040122;|Type=yiqtol 29-30 בְּדָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_19:5!18|MId=o090190050181|Strong=0871a 30 דָ֣ם דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=blood|Ref=1SA_19:5!18|MId=o090190050182|Strong=1818 31 נָקִ֔י נָקִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 amod _ Gloss=innocent|Ref=1SA_19:5!19|MId=o090190050191|Strong=5355|Type=adjective 32-33 לְהָמִ֥ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_19:5!20|MId=o090190050201|Strong=3807a 33 הָמִ֥ית מוּת VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 28 advcl _ Gloss=killing|Ref=1SA_19:5!20|MId=o090190050202|Strong=4191|Frame=AA:090190040122;A0:090190050221;|Type=infinitive_construct 34 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_19:5!21|MId=o090190050211|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 35 דָּוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 33 obj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_19:5!22|MId=o090190050221|Strong=1732 36 חִנָּֽם חִנָּם ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=without.cause|Ref=1SA_19:5!23|MId=o090190050231|Strong=2600|SpaceAfter=No 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=1SA_19:5!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּשֶׂם *he put* | wayyiqtol · qal | | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | | יַּךְ *he struck down* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | פְּלִשְׁתִּי *Philistine* | | | | | יַּעַשׂ *he made* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | תְּשׁוּעָה *a deliverance* | | | | רָאִיתָ *you saw* | qatal · qal | | | | | | תִּשְׂמָח *you rejoiced* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תֶֽחֱטָא *will you sin* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | הָמִית *killing* | infinitive construct · hiphil | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמְסַר יַת נַפְשֵׁיהּ כְּעַל גַב לְאִתְקְטָלָא וּקְטַל יַת פְלִשְׁתָּאָה וַעֲבַד יְיָ פּוּרְקָנָא רַבָּא לְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל חֲזֵיתָא וַחֲדֵיתָא וּלְמָא תִּתְחַיֵב בְּדַם זַכַּאי לְמִקְטַל יַת דָוִד מַגָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [for he put his life in his hand, and smote the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great victory for all Israel; thou sawest it, and didst rejoice; wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.552/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:498`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 19:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.4/) - next →: [1 Samuel 19:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.6/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/19/)