--- title: 1 Samuel 19:8 — And there was war again; and David went out, and fought with the Phi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And there was war again; and David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter; and they fled before him. Who acts: war, David, Jonathan. 1 Samuel 19:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/19/) / 19:8 # 1 Samuel 19:8 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** war, David, Jonathan · **What happens:** be, go out, fight, slay, flee · **To what, where:** Jonathan This is 1 Samuel 19:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — war, David, Jonathan — and what happens in the verse to Jonathan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתּ֥וֹסֶף הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לִֽהְי֑וֹת וַיֵּצֵ֨א דָוִ֜ד וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיַּ֤ךְ בָּהֶם֙ מַכָּ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃ [And there was war again; and David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter; and they fled before him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.556/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:501 # text = וַתּ֥וֹסֶף הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לִֽהְי֑וֹת וַיֵּצֵ֨א דָוִ֜ד וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיַּ֤ךְ בָּהֶם֙ מַכָּ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃ # verse = 1SA.19.8 1-2 וַתּ֥וֹסֶף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:8!1|MId=o090190080011|Strong=2050b 2 תּ֥וֹסֶף יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.repeated|Ref=1SA_19:8!1|MId=o090190080012|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:090190080022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_19:8!2|MId=o090190080021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מִּלְחָמָ֖ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=war|Ref=1SA_19:8!2|MId=o090190080022|Strong=4421 5-6 לִֽהְי֑וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לִֽ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_19:8!3|MId=o090190080031|Strong=3807a 6 הְי֑וֹת הָיָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 xcomp _ Gloss=be|Ref=1SA_19:8!3|MId=o090190080032|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090190080022;|Type=infinitive_construct 7-8 וַיֵּצֵ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:8!4|MId=o090190080041|Strong=2050b 8 יֵּצֵ֨א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went.out|Ref=1SA_19:8!4|MId=o090190080042|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:090190080051;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 דָוִ֜ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 8 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_19:8!5|MId=o090190080051|Strong=1732 10-11 וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:8!6|MId=o090190080061|Strong=2050b 11 יִּלָּ֣חֶם לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.fought|Ref=1SA_19:8!6|MId=o090190080062|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:090190080051;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-14 בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_19:8!7|MId=o090190080071|Strong=0871a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_19:8!7|MId=o090190080071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=Philistines|Ref=1SA_19:8!7|MId=o090190080072|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 15-16 וַיַּ֤ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:8!8|MId=o090190080081|Strong=2050b 16 יַּ֤ךְ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.defeated|Ref=1SA_19:8!8|MId=o090190080082|Strong=5221|Frame=A0:090190080051;|Type=wayyiqtol 17-18 בָּהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=1SA_19:8!9|MId=o090190080091|Strong=0871a 18 ָהֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_19:8!9|MId=o090190080092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19 מַכָּ֣ה מַכָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=a.defeat|Ref=1SA_19:8!10|MId=o090190080101|Strong=4347 20 גְדוֹלָ֔ה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=1SA_19:8!11|MId=o090190080111|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 21-22 וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_19:8!12|MId=o090190080121|Strong=2050b 22 יָּנֻ֖סוּ נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.fled|Ref=1SA_19:8!12|MId=o090190080122|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:090190080073;|Type=wayyiqtol 23-25 מִפָּנָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_19:8!13|MId=o090190080131|Strong=4480 24 פָּנָֽי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_19:8!13|MId=o090190080132|Strong=6440 25 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_19:8!13|MId=o090190080133|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=1SA_19:8!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תּוֹסֶף *it repeated* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | מִּלְחָמָה *war* | | | | | הְיוֹת *be* | infinitive construct · qal | מִּלְחָמָה *war* | | | | | יֵּצֵא *he went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | יִּלָּחֶם *he fought* | wayyiqtol · niphal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | יַּךְ *he defeated* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | דָוִד *David* | | | | | יָּנֻסוּ *they fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאוֹסִיפוּ עַבְדֵי קְרָבָא לְמֶהֱוֵי וּנְפַק דָוִד וְאַגִיחַ קְרָבָא בִּפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וּמְחָא בְהוֹן מְחָא סַגִיאָה וְאַפִּיכוּ מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And there was war again; and David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter; and they fled before him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.556/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:501`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 19:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.7/) - next →: [1 Samuel 19:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.9/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/19/)