--- title: 1 Samuel 2:23 — And he said unto them: 'Why do ye such things? for I hear evil repor… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said unto them: 'Why do ye such things? for I hear evil reports concerning you from all this people. Who acts: Eli, I. 1 Samuel 2:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.2.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/2/) / 2:23 # 1 Samuel 2:23 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Eli, I · **What happens:** say, hear · **To what, where:** evil reports · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 2:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Eli, I — and what happens in the verse to evil reports, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לָ֥מָּה תַעֲשׂ֖וּן כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֤י שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ אֶת־דִּבְרֵיכֶ֣ם רָעִ֔ים מֵאֵ֖ת כָּל־הָעָ֥ם אֵֽלֶּה׃ [And he said unto them: 'Why do ye such things? for I hear evil reports concerning you from all this people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.54/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:50 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לָ֥מָּה תַעֲשׂ֖וּן כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֤י שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ אֶת־דִּבְרֵיכֶ֣ם רָעִ֔ים מֵאֵ֖ת כָּל־הָעָ֥ם אֵֽלֶּה׃ # verse = 1SA.2.23 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_2:23!1|MId=o090020230011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_2:23!1|MId=o090020230012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090020220012;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_2:23!2|MId=o090020230021|Strong=3807a 4 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_2:23!2|MId=o090020230022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5-6 לָ֥מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לָ֥ לָמָה ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_2:23!3|MId=o090020230031|Strong=3807a 6 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 7 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=1SA_2:23!3|MId=o090020230032|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 7-8 תַעֲשׂ֖וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 תַעֲשׂ֖וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=are|Ref=1SA_2:23!4|MId=o090020230041|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:090020220091;|Type=yiqtol 8 ן נ X _ _ 7 nmod _ Gloss=you.doing|Ref=1SA_2:23!4|MId=o090020230042|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 9-11 כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=1SA_2:23!5|MId=o090020230051|Strong=3509a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_2:23!5|MId=o090020230051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 דְּבָרִ֣ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=the.things|Ref=1SA_2:23!5|MId=o090020230052|Strong=1697 12-13 הָאֵ֑לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_2:23!6|MId=o090020230061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 11 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=1SA_2:23!6|MId=o090020230062|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 14 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_2:23!7|MId=o090020230071|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15 אָנֹכִ֤י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_2:23!8|MId=o090020230081|Strong=0595|Type=personal 16 שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[am].hearing|Ref=1SA_2:23!9|MId=o090020230091|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:090020230081;A1:090020230111;|Type=participle_active 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_2:23!10|MId=o090020230101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 דִּבְרֵיכֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 דִּבְרֵי דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obj _ Gloss=things|Ref=1SA_2:23!11|MId=o090020230111|Strong=1697 19 כֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_2:23!11|MId=o090020230112|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 20 רָעִ֔ים רַע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 amod _ Gloss=wicked|Ref=1SA_2:23!12|MId=o090020230121|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 21-22 מֵאֵ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_2:23!13|MId=o090020230131|Strong=4480 22 אֵ֖ת אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_2:23!13|MId=o090020230132|Strong=0854 23 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_2:23!14|MId=o090020230141|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 הָעָ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_2:23!15|MId=o090020230151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 עָ֥ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_2:23!15|MId=o090020230152|Strong=5971 26 אֵֽלֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 25 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=1SA_2:23!16|MId=o090020230161|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=1SA_2:23!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תַעֲשׂוּ *are* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | שֹׁמֵעַ *\[am\] hearing* | participle active · qal | אָנֹכִי *I* | דִּבְרֵי *things* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן לְמָא תַעְבְּדוּן כְּפִתְגָמַיָא הָאֵלִין דִי אֲנָא שְׁמַע יַת פִּתְגָמֵיכוֹן בִּישִׁין מִן כָּל עַמָא אִלֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said unto them: 'Why do ye such things? for I hear evil reports concerning you from all this people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.54/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:50`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 2:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.2.22/) - next →: [1 Samuel 2:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.2.24/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/2/)