--- title: 1 Samuel 2:8 — He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, He lifteth up the needy from… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, He lifteth up the needy from the dung-hill, to make them sit with princes, and inherit the throne of glory; for the pillars of the earth are the LORD'S, and He hath set the world upon them. Who acts: LORD, poor, pillars. 1 Samuel 2:8 in Hebrew with its depende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.2.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/2/) / 2:8 # 1 Samuel 2:8 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** LORD, poor, pillars · **What happens:** raise up, lift up, make, sit, inherit, be · **To what, where:** poor, dust, needy, dung hill, throne, world This is 1 Samuel 2:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, poor, pillars — and what happens in the verse to poor, dust, needy, dung hill, throne, world, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מֵקִ֨ים מֵעָפָ֜ר דָּ֗ל מֵֽאַשְׁפֹּת֙ יָרִ֣ים אֶבְי֔וֹן לְהוֹשִׁיב֙ עִם־נְדִיבִ֔ים וְכִסֵּ֥א כָב֖וֹד יַנְחִלֵ֑ם כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ מְצֻ֣קֵי אֶ֔רֶץ וַיָּ֥שֶׁת עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם תֵּבֵֽל׃ [He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, He lifteth up the needy from the dung-hill, to make them sit with princes, and inherit the throne of glory; for the pillars of the earth are the LORD'S, and He hath set the world upon them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.36/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:35 # text = מֵקִ֨ים מֵעָפָ֜ר דָּ֗ל מֵֽאַשְׁפֹּת֙ יָרִ֣ים אֶבְי֔וֹן לְהוֹשִׁיב֙ עִם־נְדִיבִ֔ים וְכִסֵּ֥א כָב֖וֹד יַנְחִלֵ֑ם כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ מְצֻ֣קֵי אֶ֔רֶץ וַיָּ֥שֶׁת עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם תֵּבֵֽל׃ # verse = 1SA.2.8 1 מֵקִ֨ים קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[he.is].raising.up|Ref=1SA_2:8!1|MId=o090020080011|Strong=6965|Frame=AA:090020070011;A0:090020080031;|Type=participle_active 2-3 מֵעָפָ֜ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=1SA_2:8!2|MId=o090020080021|Strong=4480 3 עָפָ֜ר עָפָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=dust|Ref=1SA_2:8!2|MId=o090020080022|Strong=6083 4 דָּ֗ל דַּל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=[the].poor|Ref=1SA_2:8!3|MId=o090020080031|Strong=1800|Type=adjective 5-6 מֵֽאַשְׁפֹּת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=1SA_2:8!4|MId=o090020080041|Strong=4480 6 אַשְׁפֹּת֙ אַשְׁפֹּת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=ash.heap|Ref=1SA_2:8!4|MId=o090020080042|Strong=0830 7 יָרִ֣ים רוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.lifts.up|Ref=1SA_2:8!5|MId=o090020080051|Strong=7311|Frame=AA:090020070011;A0:090020080061;|Type=yiqtol 8 אֶבְי֔וֹן אֶבְיוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=[the].needy|Ref=1SA_2:8!6|MId=o090020080061|Strong=0034|Type=adjective 9-10 לְהוֹשִׁיב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_2:8!7|MId=o090020080071|Strong=3807a 10 הוֹשִׁיב֙ יָשַׁב VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 7 advcl _ Gloss=cause.[them].to.dwell|Ref=1SA_2:8!7|MId=o090020080072|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090020080061;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_2:8!8|MId=o090020080081|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 12 נְדִיבִ֔ים נָדִיב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=noble.[people]|Ref=1SA_2:8!9|MId=o090020080091|Strong=5081|Type=adjective 13-14 וְכִסֵּ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_2:8!10|MId=o090020080101|Strong=2050b 14 כִסֵּ֥א כִּסֵּא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 xcomp _ Gloss=a.throne|Ref=1SA_2:8!10|MId=o090020080102|Strong=3678 15 כָב֖וֹד כָּבוֹד NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.honor|Ref=1SA_2:8!11|MId=o090020080111|Strong=3519 16-17 יַנְחִלֵ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 יַנְחִל נָחַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_2:8!12|MId=o090020080121|Strong=5157|Frame=AA:090020070011;A1:090020080102;A0:090020080122;|Type=yiqtol 17 ֵ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=makes.them.inherit|Ref=1SA_2:8!12|MId=o090020080122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_2:8!13|MId=o090020080131|Strong=3588 19-20 לַֽיהוָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=[belong].to|Ref=1SA_2:8!14|MId=o090020080141|Strong=3807a 20 יהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 1 advcl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_2:8!14|MId=o090020080142|Strong=3068 21 מְצֻ֣קֵי מָצוּק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].pillars|Ref=1SA_2:8!15|MId=o090020080151|Strong=4690 22 אֶ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].earth|Ref=1SA_2:8!16|MId=o090020080161|Strong=0776 23-24 וַיָּ֥שֶׁת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_2:8!17|MId=o090020080171|Strong=2050b 24 יָּ֥שֶׁת שִׁית VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.set|Ref=1SA_2:8!17|MId=o090020080172|Strong=7896|Frame=A0:090020080142;A1:090020080191;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_2:8!18|MId=o090020080181|Strong=5921 26 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_2:8!18|MId=o090020080182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 27 תֵּבֵֽל תֵּבֵל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=[the].world|Ref=1SA_2:8!19|MId=o090020080191|Strong=8398|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1SA_2:8!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מֵקִים *\[he is\] raising up* | participle active · hiphil | דָּל *\[the\] poor* | | | | | יָרִים *he lifts up* | yiqtol · hiphil | אֶבְיוֹן *\[the\] needy* | | | | | הוֹשִׁיב *cause \[them\] to dwell* | infinitive construct · hiphil | אֶבְיוֹן *\[the\] needy* | | | | | יַנְחִל *he* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֵם *makes them inherit* | כִסֵּא *a throne* | | | | יָּשֶׁת *he set* | wayyiqtol · qal | יהוָה *Yahweh* | תֵּבֵֽל *\[the\] world* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מֵקִים מֵעַפְרָא מִסְכֵּינָא מִקִלְקַלְתָּא מֵרִים חֲשִׁיכָא לְאוֹתָבוּתְהוֹן עִם צַדִיקַיָא רַבְרְבֵי עַלְמָא וְכוּרְסֵי יְקָרָא מַחֲסִין לְהוֹן אֲרֵי קֳדָם יְיָ גְלָן עוֹבָדֵי בְּנֵי אֱנָשָׁא מִלְרַע אַתְקֵין גֵהִנָם לְרַשִׁיעַיָא עָבְרֵי עַל מֵימְרֵיהּ וְצַדִיקַיָא עַבְדֵי רְעוּתֵיהּ שַׁכְלֵיל לְהוֹן תֵּבֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, He lifteth up the needy from the dung-hill, to make them sit with princes, and inherit the throne of glory; for the pillars of the earth are the LORD'S, and He hath set the world upon them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.36/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:35`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 2:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.2.7/) - next →: [1 Samuel 2:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.2.9/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/2/)