--- title: 1 Samuel 20:12 — And Jonathan said unto David: 'The LORD, the God of Israel — when I… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Jonathan said unto David: 'The LORD, the God of Israel — when I have sounded my father about this time to-morrow, or the third day, behold, if there be good toward David, shall I not then send unto thee, and disclose it unto thee? Who acts: Jonathan, I, good, LORD. 1 Samuel 20:12 in Hebrew with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/) / 20:12 # 1 Samuel 20:12 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Jonathan, I, good, LORD · **What happens:** say, sound, be, not send, disclose · **To what, where:** father, morrow · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 20:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, I, good, LORD — and what happens in the verse to father, morrow, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־אֶחְקֹ֣ר אֶת־אָבִ֗י כָּעֵ֤ת ׀ מָחָר֙ הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֔ית וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְלֹֽא־אָז֙ אֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְגָלִ֖יתִי אֶת־אָזְנֶֽךָ׃ [And Jonathan said unto David: 'The LORD, the God of Israel — when I have sounded my father about this time to-morrow, or the third day, behold, if there be good toward David, shall I not then send unto thee, and disclose it unto thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.587/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:529 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־אֶחְקֹ֣ר אֶת־אָבִ֗י כָּעֵ֤ת ׀ מָחָר֙ הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֔ית וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְלֹֽא־אָז֙ אֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְגָלִ֖יתִי אֶת־אָזְנֶֽךָ׃ # verse = 1SA.20.12 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:12!1|MId=o090200120011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_20:12!1|MId=o090200120012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090200120021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן יְהוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_20:12!2|MId=o090200120021|Strong=3083 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:12!3|MId=o090200120031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 דָּוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_20:12!4|MId=o090200120041|Strong=1732 6 יְהוָ֞ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 10 dislocated _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_20:12!5|MId=o090200120051|Strong=3068 7 אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=1SA_20:12!6|MId=o090200120061|Strong=0430 8 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_20:12!7|MId=o090200120071|Strong=3478 9 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_20:12!8|MId=o090200120081|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 10 אֶחְקֹ֣ר חָקַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.sound.out|Ref=1SA_20:12!9|MId=o090200120091|Strong=2713|Frame=A0:090200120021;A1:090200120111;|Type=yiqtol 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_20:12!10|MId=o090200120101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 אָבִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אָב אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=father|Ref=1SA_20:12!11|MId=o090200120111|Strong=0001 13 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_20:12!11|MId=o090200120112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14-16 כָּעֵ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 כָּ כְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=1SA_20:12!12|MId=o090200120121|Strong=3509a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_20:12!12|MId=o090200120121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 עֵ֤ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=time|Ref=1SA_20:12!12|MId=o090200120122|Strong=6256 17 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:12!12 18 מָחָר֙ מָחָר ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 advmod _ Gloss=tomorrow|Ref=1SA_20:12!13|MId=o090200120131|Strong=4279 19-20 הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֔ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:12!14|MId=o090200120141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ית שְׁלִישִׁי NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 advmod _ Gloss=third|Ref=1SA_20:12!14|MId=o090200120142|Strong=7992|Type=ordinal_number 21-22 וְהִנֵּה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:12!15|MId=o090200120151|Strong=2050b 22 הִנֵּה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 23 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=1SA_20:12!15|MId=o090200120152|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 23 ט֖וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=good|Ref=1SA_20:12!16|MId=o090200120161|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 24 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=[is].to|Ref=1SA_20:12!17|MId=o090200120171|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 25 דָּוִ֑ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 23 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_20:12!18|MId=o090200120181|Strong=1732 26-27 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:12!19|MId=o090200120191|Strong=2050b 27 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_20:12!19|MId=o090200120192|Strong=3808|Type=negative 28 אָז֙ אָז ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=then|Ref=1SA_20:12!20|MId=o090200120201|Strong=0227 29 אֶשְׁלַ֣ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 10 conj _ Gloss=will.I.send?|Ref=1SA_20:12!21|MId=o090200120211|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:090200120021;|Type=yiqtol 30-31 אֵלֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אֵלֶ֔י אֶל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:12!22|MId=o090200120221|Strong=0413 31 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_20:12!22|MId=o090200120222|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 32-33 וְגָלִ֖יתִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:12!23|MId=o090200120231|Strong=2050b 33 גָלִ֖יתִי גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 10 conj _ Gloss=I.will.uncover|Ref=1SA_20:12!23|MId=o090200120232|Strong=1540|Frame=A0:090200120021;A1:090200120251;|Type=weqatal 34 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_20:12!24|MId=o090200120241|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 35-36 אָזְנֶֽךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 אָזְנ אֹזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 33 obj _ Gloss=ear|Ref=1SA_20:12!25|MId=o090200120251|Strong=0241 36 ֶֽךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_20:12!25|MId=o090200120252|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:12!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | אֶחְקֹר *I will sound out* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | אָב *father* | | | | **not** אֶשְׁלַח *will I send?* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | גָלִיתִי *I will uncover* | weqatal · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | אָזְנ *ear* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְהוֹנָתָן לְדָוִד יְיָ אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי אֶבְדוֹק יַת אַבָּא בְּעִדָנָא הָדֵין מְחַר אוֹ בְּיוֹמָא תְּלִיתָאָה וְהָא פִתְגָמַיָא תַקְנִין מִתְאַמְרִין עַל דָוִד וְלָא מִכְּעַן אֶשְׁלַח לְוָתָךְ וַאֲחַוֵי לָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Jonathan said unto David: 'The LORD, the God of Israel — when I have sounded my father about this time to-morrow, or the third day, behold, if there be good toward David, shall I not then send unto thee, and disclose it unto thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.587/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:529`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 20:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.11/) - next →: [1 Samuel 20:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.13/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/)