--- title: 1 Samuel 20:21 — And, behold, I will send the lad: Go, find the arrows. If I say unto… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And, behold, I will send the lad: Go, find the arrows. If I say unto the lad: Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee; take them, and come; for there is peace to thee and no hurt, as the LORD liveth. Who acts: I, arrows, peace, LORD. 1 Samuel 20:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jona --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/) / 20:21 # 1 Samuel 20:21 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** I, arrows, peace, LORD · **What happens:** send, go, find, say, be, take · **To what, where:** lad, arrows, side · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 20:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, arrows, peace, LORD — and what happens in the verse to lad, arrows, side, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהִנֵּה֙ אֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֶת־הַנַּ֔עַר לֵ֖ךְ מְצָ֣א אֶת־הַחִצִּ֑ים אִם־אָמֹר֩ אֹמַ֨ר לַנַּ֜עַר הִנֵּ֥ה הַחִצִּ֣ים ׀ מִמְּךָ֣ וָהֵ֗נָּה קָחֶ֧נּוּ ׀ וָבֹ֛אָה כִּֽי־שָׁל֥וֹם לְךָ֛ וְאֵ֥ין דָּבָ֖ר חַי־יְהוָֽה׃ [And, behold, I will send the lad: Go, find the arrows.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.596/) [If I say unto the lad: Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee; take them, and come; for there is peace to thee and no hurt, as the LORD liveth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.597/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:538 # text = וְהִנֵּה֙ אֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֶת־הַנַּ֔עַר לֵ֖ךְ מְצָ֣א אֶת־הַחִצִּ֑ים אִם־אָמֹר֩ אֹמַ֨ר לַנַּ֜עַר הִנֵּ֥ה הַחִצִּ֣ים ׀ מִמְּךָ֣ וָהֵ֗נָּה קָחֶ֧נּוּ ׀ וָבֹ֛אָה כִּֽי־שָׁל֥וֹם לְךָ֛ וְאֵ֥ין דָּבָ֖ר חַי־יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = 1SA.20.21 1-2 וְהִנֵּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:21!1|MId=o090200210011|Strong=2050b 2 הִנֵּה֙ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 3 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=1SA_20:21!1|MId=o090200210012|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 3 אֶשְׁלַ֣ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.send|Ref=1SA_20:21!2|MId=o090200210021|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:090200180031;A1:090200210042;|Type=yiqtol 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_20:21!3|MId=o090200210031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַנַּ֔עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:21!4|MId=o090200210041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 נַּ֔עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=lad|Ref=1SA_20:21!4|MId=o090200210042|Strong=5288 7 לֵ֖ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=go|Ref=1SA_20:21!5|MId=o090200210051|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090200210042;|Type=imperative 8 מְצָ֣א מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 7 parataxis _ Gloss=find|Ref=1SA_20:21!6|MId=o090200210061|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:090200210042;A1:090200210082;|Type=imperative 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_20:21!7|MId=o090200210071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַחִצִּ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:21!8|MId=o090200210081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 חִצִּ֑ים חֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 obj _ Gloss=arrows|Ref=1SA_20:21!8|MId=o090200210082|Strong=2671 12 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=1SA_20:21!9|MId=o090200210091|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 13 אָמֹר֩ אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 obl:npmod _ Gloss=explicitly.(say)|Ref=1SA_20:21!10|MId=o090200210101|Strong=0559|Type=infinitive_absolute 14 אֹמַ֨ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 30 advcl _ Gloss=I.will.say|Ref=1SA_20:21!11|MId=o090200210111|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090200180031;A1:090200210152;090200210171;|Type=yiqtol 15-17 לַנַּ֜עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:21!12|MId=o090200210121|Strong=3807a 16 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:21!12|MId=o090200210121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 נַּ֜עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=lad|Ref=1SA_20:21!12|MId=o090200210122|Strong=5288 18 הִנֵּ֥ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 23 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=1SA_20:21!13|MId=o090200210131|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 19-20 הַחִצִּ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:21!14|MId=o090200210141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 חִצִּ֣ים חֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ Gloss=arrows|Ref=1SA_20:21!14|MId=o090200210142|Strong=2671 21 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:21!14 22-23 מִמְּךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=[are].from|Ref=1SA_20:21!15|MId=o090200210151|Strong=4480 23 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 ccomp _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_20:21!15|MId=o090200210152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24-25 וָהֵ֗נָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:21!16|MId=o090200210161|Strong=2050b 25 הֵ֗נָּה הֵנָּה ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=hither|Ref=1SA_20:21!16|MId=o090200210162|Strong=2008 26-27 קָחֶ֧נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 קָח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 23 conj _ Gloss=fetch|Ref=1SA_20:21!17|MId=o090200210171|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090200210123;A1:090200210172;|Type=imperative 27 ֶ֧נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=1SA_20:21!17|MId=o090200210172|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 28 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:21!17 29-31 וָבֹ֛אָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:21!18|MId=o090200210181|Strong=2050b 30 בֹ֛א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=come|Ref=1SA_20:21!18|MId=o090200210182|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090200170051;|Type=imperative 31 ָה ה X _ _ 30 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_20:21!18|MId=o090200210183|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 32 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_20:21!19|MId=o090200210191|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 33 שָׁל֥וֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Gloss=safety|Ref=1SA_20:21!20|MId=o090200210201|Strong=7965 34-35 לְךָ֛ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 ל לְ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=1SA_20:21!21|MId=o090200210211|Strong=3807a 35 ְךָ֛ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 advcl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_20:21!21|MId=o090200210212|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 36-37 וְאֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:21!22|MId=o090200210221|Strong=2050b 37 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 35 conj _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=1SA_20:21!22|MId=o090200210222|Strong=0369|Type=negative 38 דָּבָ֖ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ Gloss=anything|Ref=1SA_20:21!23|MId=o090200210231|Strong=1697 39 חַי־ חַי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[by].the.life|Ref=1SA_20:21!24|MId=o090200210241|Strong=2416|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 40 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 39 nsubj _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_20:21!25|MId=o090200210251|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:21!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶשְׁלַח *I will send* | yiqtol · qal | | נַּעַר *lad* | | | | לֵךְ *go* | imperative · qal | נַּעַר *lad* | | | | | מְצָא *find* | imperative · qal | נַּעַר *lad* | חִצִּים *arrows* | | | | אֹמַר *I will say* | yiqtol · qal | | ְךָ *you* + קָח *fetch* | | | | קָח *fetch* | imperative · qal | | ֶנּוּ *it* | | | | בֹא *come* | imperative · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְהָא אֶשְׁלַח יַת עוּלֵימָא אֱזֵיל וְאַיְתֵי יַת גִירַיָא אִם מֵימַר אֵימַר לְעוּלֵימָא הָא גִירַיָא מִנָךְ וּלְכָא סַבְהִי וְאַיְתָא אֲרֵי שְׁלָם לָךְ וְלֵית מִדַעַם בִּישׁ קַיָם הוּא יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And, behold, I will send the lad: Go, find the arrows.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.596/) 2. [If I say unto the lad: Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee; take them, and come; for there is peace to thee and no hurt, as the LORD liveth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.597/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:538`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 20:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.20/) - next →: [1 Samuel 20:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.22/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/)