--- title: 1 Samuel 20:25 — And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon the sea… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon the seat by the wall; and Jonathan stood up, and Abner sat by Saul's side; but David's place was empty. Who acts: king, Jonathan, Abner, place. 1 Samuel 20:25 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/) / 20:25 # 1 Samuel 20:25 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** king, Jonathan, Abner, place · **What happens:** sit, stand up, be · **To what, where:** seat This is 1 Samuel 20:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, Jonathan, Abner, place — and what happens in the verse to seat, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ עַל־מ֨וֹשָׁב֜וֹ כְּפַ֣עַם ׀ בְּפַ֗עַם אֶל־מוֹשַׁב֙ הַקִּ֔יר וַיָּ֙קָם֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אַבְנֵ֖ר מִצַּ֣ד שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּפָּקֵ֖ד מְק֥וֹם דָּוִֽד׃ [And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon the seat by the wall; and Jonathan stood up, and Abner sat by Saul's side; but David's place was empty.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.601/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:542 # text = וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ עַל־מ֨וֹשָׁב֜וֹ כְּפַ֣עַם ׀ בְּפַ֗עַם אֶל־מוֹשַׁב֙ הַקִּ֔יר וַיָּ֙קָם֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אַבְנֵ֖ר מִצַּ֣ד שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּפָּקֵ֖ד מְק֥וֹם דָּוִֽד׃ # verse = 1SA.20.25 1-2 וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:25!1|MId=o090200250011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּ֣שֶׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sat.down|Ref=1SA_20:25!1|MId=o090200250012|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090200250022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ֠ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:25!2|MId=o090200250021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּלֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_20:25!2|MId=o090200250022|Strong=4428 5 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_20:25!3|MId=o090200250031|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 מ֨וֹשָׁב֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מ֨וֹשָׁב מוֹשָׁב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=seat|Ref=1SA_20:25!4|MId=o090200250041|Strong=4186 7 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_20:25!4|MId=o090200250042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8-9 כְּפַ֣עַם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=1SA_20:25!5|MId=o090200250051|Strong=3509a 9 פַ֣עַם פַּעַם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=time|Ref=1SA_20:25!5|MId=o090200250052|Strong=6471 10 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:25!5 11-12 בְּפַ֗עַם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_20:25!6|MId=o090200250061|Strong=0871a 12 פַ֗עַם פַּעַם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 nmod _ Gloss=time|Ref=1SA_20:25!6|MId=o090200250062|Strong=6471 13 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:25!7|MId=o090200250071|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 14 מוֹשַׁב֙ מוֹשָׁב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.seat|Ref=1SA_20:25!8|MId=o090200250081|Strong=4186 15-16 הַקִּ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_20:25!9|MId=o090200250091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 קִּ֔יר קִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.wall|Ref=1SA_20:25!9|MId=o090200250092|Strong=7023 17-18 וַיָּ֙קָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:25!10|MId=o090200250101|Strong=2050b 18 יָּ֙קָם֙ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.arose|Ref=1SA_20:25!10|MId=o090200250102|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:090200250111;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן יְהוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 18 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_20:25!11|MId=o090200250111|Strong=3083 20-21 וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:25!12|MId=o090200250121|Strong=2050b 21 יֵּ֥שֶׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sat.down|Ref=1SA_20:25!12|MId=o090200250122|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090200250131;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 אַבְנֵ֖ר אַבְנֵר PROPN _ _ 21 nsubj _ Gloss=Abner|Ref=1SA_20:25!13|MId=o090200250131|Strong=0074 23-24 מִצַּ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_20:25!14|MId=o090200250141|Strong=4480 24 צַּ֣ד צַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=the.side|Ref=1SA_20:25!14|MId=o090200250142|Strong=6654 25 שָׁא֑וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=1SA_20:25!15|MId=o090200250151|Strong=7586 26-27 וַיִּפָּקֵ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:25!16|MId=o090200250161|Strong=2050b 27 יִּפָּקֵ֖ד פָּקַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.empty|Ref=1SA_20:25!16|MId=o090200250162|Strong=6485|Frame=A1:090200250171;|Type=wayyiqtol 28 מְק֥וֹם מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=the.place|Ref=1SA_20:25!17|MId=o090200250171|Strong=4725 29 דָּוִֽד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=1SA_20:25!18|MId=o090200250181|Strong=1732|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:25!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּשֶׁב *he sat down* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | יָּקָם *he arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | יֵּשֶׁב *he sat down* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַבְנֵר *Abner* | | | | | יִּפָּקֵד *it was empty* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | מְקוֹם *the place* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַסְחַר מַלְכָּא עַל שִׁוְיֵיהּ כִּזְמַן בִּזְמַן עַל שִׁוְיֵה דִמְתַקַן לֵיהּ בִּסְטַר כּוֹתְלָא וְקָם יְהוֹנָתָן וְאַסְחַר אַבְנֵר מִסִטְרָא דְשָׁאוּל וַהֲוָה אַתְרָא דְדָוִד מַרְוָח: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon the seat by the wall; and Jonathan stood up, and Abner sat by Saul's side; but David's place was empty.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.601/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:542`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 20:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.24/) - next →: [1 Samuel 20:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.26/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/)