--- title: 1 Samuel 20:31 — For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the earth, thou shalt no… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the earth, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom. Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he deserveth to die.' Who acts: son, you. 1 Samuel 20:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clau --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/) / 20:31 # 1 Samuel 20:31 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** son, you · **What happens:** live, not establish, send, fetch, deserve, die · **To what, where:** earth, thou, son This is 1 Samuel 20:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — son, you — and what happens in the verse to earth, thou, son, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י כָל־הַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בֶּן־יִשַׁי֙ חַ֣י עַל־הָאֲדָמָ֔ה לֹ֥א תִכּ֖וֹן אַתָּ֣ה וּמַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁלַ֨ח וְקַ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ אֵלַ֔י כִּ֥י בֶן־מָ֖וֶת הֽוּא׃ס [For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the earth, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.608/) [Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he deserveth to die.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.609/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:548 # text = כִּ֣י כָל־הַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בֶּן־יִשַׁי֙ חַ֣י עַל־הָאֲדָמָ֔ה לֹ֥א תִכּ֖וֹן אַתָּ֣ה וּמַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁלַ֨ח וְקַ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ אֵלַ֔י כִּ֥י בֶן־מָ֖וֶת הֽוּא׃ס # verse = 1SA.20.31 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_20:31!1|MId=o090200310011|Strong=3588 2 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_20:31!2|MId=o090200310021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 3-4 הַיָּמִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:31!3|MId=o090200310031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 יָּמִ֗ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=days|Ref=1SA_20:31!3|MId=o090200310032|Strong=3117 5 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_20:31!4|MId=o090200310041|Strong=0834|Type=relative 6 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1SA_20:31!5|MId=o090200310051|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 7 יִשַׁי֙ יִשַׁי PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jesse|Ref=1SA_20:31!6|MId=o090200310061|Strong=3448 8 חַ֣י חיה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.lives|Ref=1SA_20:31!7|MId=o090200310071|Strong=2421|Frame=A0:090200310051;|Type=qatal 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_20:31!8|MId=o090200310081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הָאֲדָמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:31!9|MId=o090200310091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲדָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=earth|Ref=1SA_20:31!9|MId=o090200310092|Strong=0127 12 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_20:31!10|MId=o090200310101|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 תִכּ֖וֹן כּוּן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.be.established|Ref=1SA_20:31!11|MId=o090200310111|Strong=3559|Frame=A1:090200310121;090200310132;|Type=yiqtol 14 אַתָּ֣ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_20:31!12|MId=o090200310121|Strong=0859|Type=personal 15-17 וּמַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:31!13|MId=o090200310131|Strong=2050b 16 מַלְכוּת מַלְכוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=kingdom|Ref=1SA_20:31!13|MId=o090200310132|Strong=4438 17 ֶ֑ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_20:31!13|MId=o090200310133|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 18-19 וְעַתָּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:31!14|MId=o090200310141|Strong=2050b 19 עַתָּ֗ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=1SA_20:31!14|MId=o090200310142|Strong=6258 20 שְׁלַ֨ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 13 parataxis _ Gloss=send|Ref=1SA_20:31!15|MId=o090200310151|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:090200300071;|Type=imperative 21-22 וְקַ֤ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:31!16|MId=o090200310161|Strong=2050b 22 קַ֤ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 13 conj _ Gloss=fetch|Ref=1SA_20:31!16|MId=o090200310162|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090200300071;A1:090200310172;|Type=imperative 23-24 אֹתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_20:31!17|MId=o090200310171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 24 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_20:31!17|MId=o090200310172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25-26 אֵלַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:31!18|MId=o090200310181|Strong=0413 26 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_20:31!18|MId=o090200310182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_20:31!19|MId=o090200310191|Strong=3588 28 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 advcl _ Gloss=[is].a.son|Ref=1SA_20:31!20|MId=o090200310201|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 29 מָ֖וֶת מָוֶת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.death|Ref=1SA_20:31!21|MId=o090200310211|Strong=4194 30 הֽוּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_20:31!22|MId=o090200310221|Strong=1931|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:31!22|SpaceAfter=No 32 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:31!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חַי *he lives* | qatal · qal | בֶּן־ *the son* | | | | | **not** תִכּוֹן *you will be established* | yiqtol · niphal | | אַתָּה *you* + מַלְכוּת *kingdom* | | | | שְׁלַח *send* | imperative · qal | | | | | | קַח *fetch* | imperative · qal | | וֹ *him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי כָּל יוֹמַיָא דְבַר יִשַׁי קַיָם עַל אַרְעָא לָא תִתְקַן אַתְּ וּמַלְכוּתָךְ וּכְעַן שְׁלַח וְאַיְתִינֵיהּ לְוָתִי אֲרֵי גְבַר חַיָב קְטוֹל הוּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the earth, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.608/) 2. [Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he deserveth to die.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.609/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:548`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 20:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.30/) - next →: [1 Samuel 20:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.32/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/)