--- title: 1 Samuel 20:34 — So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no foo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, and because his father had put him to shame. Who acts: Jonathan, father. 1 Samuel 20:34 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.34/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/) / 20:34 # 1 Samuel 20:34 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Jonathan, father · **What happens:** arise, eat, grieve, put · **To what, where:** table, food, Jonathan This is 1 Samuel 20:34 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, father — and what happens in the verse to table, food, Jonathan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֧קָם יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן מֵעִ֥ם הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן בָּחֳרִי־אָ֑ף וְלֹא־אָכַ֞ל בְּיוֹם־הַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי֙ לֶ֔חֶם כִּ֤י נֶעְצַב֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד כִּ֥י הִכְלִמ֖וֹ אָבִֽיו׃ס [So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, and because his father had put him to shame.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.612/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:551 # text = וַיָּ֧קָם יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן מֵעִ֥ם הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן בָּחֳרִי־אָ֑ף וְלֹא־אָכַ֞ל בְּיוֹם־הַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי֙ לֶ֔חֶם כִּ֤י נֶעְצַב֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד כִּ֥י הִכְלִמ֖וֹ אָבִֽיו׃ס # verse = 1SA.20.34 1-2 וַיָּ֧קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:34!1|MId=o090200340011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֧קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.arose|Ref=1SA_20:34!1|MId=o090200340012|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:090200340021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן יְהוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_20:34!2|MId=o090200340021|Strong=3083 4-5 מֵעִ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_20:34!3|MId=o090200340031|Strong=4480 5 עִ֥ם עִם ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_20:34!3|MId=o090200340032|Strong=5973 6-7 הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:34!4|MId=o090200340041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 שֻּׁלְחָ֖ן שֻׁלְחָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=table|Ref=1SA_20:34!4|MId=o090200340042|Strong=7979 8-9 בָּחֳרִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in.[the]|Ref=1SA_20:34!5|MId=o090200340051|Strong=0871a 9 חֳרִי־ חֳרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=heat|Ref=1SA_20:34!5|MId=o090200340052|Strong=2750 10 אָ֑ף אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.anger|Ref=1SA_20:34!6|MId=o090200340061|Strong=0639 11-12 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:34!7|MId=o090200340071|Strong=2050b 12 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_20:34!7|MId=o090200340072|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 אָכַ֞ל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.ate|Ref=1SA_20:34!8|MId=o090200340081|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:090200340021;A1:090200340121;|Type=qatal 14-15 בְּיוֹם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_20:34!9|MId=o090200340091|Strong=0871a 15 יוֹם־ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=1SA_20:34!9|MId=o090200340092|Strong=3117 16-17 הַחֹ֤דֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_20:34!10|MId=o090200340101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 חֹ֤דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.new.moon|Ref=1SA_20:34!10|MId=o090200340102|Strong=2320 18-19 הַשֵּׁנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_20:34!11|MId=o090200340111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 שֵּׁנִי֙ שֵׁנִי NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 appos _ Gloss=second|Ref=1SA_20:34!11|MId=o090200340112|Strong=8145|Type=ordinal_number 20 לֶ֔חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=1SA_20:34!12|MId=o090200340121|Strong=3899 21 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_20:34!13|MId=o090200340131|Strong=3588 22 נֶעְצַב֙ עָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he.was.grieved|Ref=1SA_20:34!14|MId=o090200340141|Strong=6087a|Frame=A0:090200340021;|Type=qatal 23 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=concerning|Ref=1SA_20:34!15|MId=o090200340151|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 24 דָּוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 22 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_20:34!16|MId=o090200340161|Strong=1732 25 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_20:34!17|MId=o090200340171|Strong=3588 26-27 הִכְלִמ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הִכְלִמ כָּלַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_20:34!18|MId=o090200340181|Strong=3637|Frame=A0:090200340182;AA:090200340191;|Type=qatal 27 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=had.put.him.to.shame|Ref=1SA_20:34!18|MId=o090200340182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-29 אָבִֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אָבִֽי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=father|Ref=1SA_20:34!19|MId=o090200340191|Strong=0001 29 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_20:34!19|MId=o090200340192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:34!19|SpaceAfter=No 31 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:34!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּקָם *he arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | **not** אָכַל *he ate* | qatal · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | לֶחֶם *food* | | | | נֶעְצַב *he was grieved* | qatal · niphal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | הִכְלִמ *he* | qatal · hiphil | וֹ *had put him to shame* | | | אָבִֽי *father* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקַם יְהוֹנָתָן מֵעִם פְּתוֹרָא בִתְקֵיף רוּגְזָא וְלָא אֲכַל בְּיוֹם עִבּוּר יַרְחָא תִּנְיָנָא לַחְמָא אֲרֵי אִתְנְסִיס עַל דָוִד אֲרֵי אַכְלִימֵיהּ אֲבוּהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, and because his father had put him to shame.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.612/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:551`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 20:33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.33/) - next →: [1 Samuel 20:35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.35/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/)