--- title: 1 Samuel 20:41 — And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the South, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed down three times; and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded. Who acts: lad, David, weapons. 1 Samuel 20:41 in Hebrew with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.41/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/) / 20:41 # 1 Samuel 20:41 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** lad, David, weapons · **What happens:** be, arise, fall, bow down, kiss, weep · **To what, where:** place, face, one This is 1 Samuel 20:41 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — lad, David, weapons — and what happens in the verse to place, face, one, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הַנַּעַר֮ בָּא֒ וְדָוִ֗ד קָ֚ם מֵאֵ֣צֶל הַנֶּ֔גֶב וַיִּפֹּ֨ל לְאַפָּ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ פְּעָמִ֑ים וַֽיִּשְּׁק֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֗הוּ וַיִּבְכּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ עַד־דָּוִ֖ד הִגְדִּֽיל׃ [And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the South, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed down three times; and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.619/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:558 # text = הַנַּעַר֮ בָּא֒ וְדָוִ֗ד קָ֚ם מֵאֵ֣צֶל הַנֶּ֔גֶב וַיִּפֹּ֨ל לְאַפָּ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ פְּעָמִ֑ים וַֽיִּשְּׁק֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֗הוּ וַיִּבְכּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ עַד־דָּוִ֖ד הִגְדִּֽיל׃ # verse = 1SA.20.41 1-2 הַנַּעַר֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 2 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:41!1|MId=o090200410011|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 2 נַּעַר֮ נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=lad|Ref=1SA_20:41!1|MId=o090200410012|Strong=5288 3 בָּא֒ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=1SA_20:41!2|MId=o090200410021|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090200410012;|Type=qatal 4-5 וְדָוִ֗ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:41!3|MId=o090200410031|Strong=2050b 5 דָוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_20:41!3|MId=o090200410032|Strong=1732 6 קָ֚ם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.arose|Ref=1SA_20:41!4|MId=o090200410041|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:090200410032;|Type=qatal 7-8 מֵאֵ֣צֶל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_20:41!5|MId=o090200410051|Strong=4480 8 אֵ֣צֶל אֵצֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=beside|Ref=1SA_20:41!5|MId=o090200410052|Strong=0681 9-10 הַנֶּ֔גֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:41!6|MId=o090200410061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 נֶּ֔גֶב נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=south|Ref=1SA_20:41!6|MId=o090200410062|Strong=5045 11-12 וַיִּפֹּ֨ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:41!7|MId=o090200410071|Strong=2050b 12 יִּפֹּ֨ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.fell|Ref=1SA_20:41!7|MId=o090200410072|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:090200410032;|Type=wayyiqtol 13-15 לְאַפָּ֥יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:41!8|MId=o090200410081|Strong=3807a 14 אַפָּ֥י אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 12 obl _ Gloss=face|Ref=1SA_20:41!8|MId=o090200410082|Strong=0639 15 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_20:41!8|MId=o090200410083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 אַ֛רְצָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אַ֛רְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=1SA_20:41!9|MId=o090200410091|Strong=0776 17 ָה ה X _ _ 16 nmod _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=1SA_20:41!9|MId=o090200410092|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 18-19 וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:41!10|MId=o090200410101|Strong=2050b 19 יִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ חוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.bowed.down|Ref=1SA_20:41!10|MId=o090200410102|Strong=7812a|Frame=A0:090200410032;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=1SA_20:41!11|MId=o090200410111|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 21 פְּעָמִ֑ים פַּעַם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=times|Ref=1SA_20:41!12|MId=o090200410121|Strong=6471 22-23 וַֽיִּשְּׁק֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:41!13|MId=o090200410131|Strong=2050b 23 יִּשְּׁק֣וּ נָשַׁק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.kissed|Ref=1SA_20:41!13|MId=o090200410132|Strong=5401|Frame=A0:090200410032;090200400021;A1:090200410161;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:41!13 25 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=1SA_20:41!14|MId=o090200410141|Strong=0376 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_20:41!15|MId=o090200410151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 רֵעֵ֗הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=friend|Ref=1SA_20:41!16|MId=o090200410161|Strong=7453 28 ֵ֗הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_20:41!16|MId=o090200410162|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 29-30 וַיִּבְכּוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:41!17|MId=o090200410171|Strong=2050b 30 יִּבְכּוּ֙ בָּכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.wept.for|Ref=1SA_20:41!17|MId=o090200410172|Strong=1058|Frame=A0:090200410032;090200400021;A1:090200410201;|Type=wayyiqtol 31 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=1SA_20:41!18|MId=o090200410181|Strong=0376 32 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_20:41!19|MId=o090200410191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 רֵעֵ֔הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=friend|Ref=1SA_20:41!20|MId=o090200410201|Strong=7453 34 ֵ֔הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_20:41!20|MId=o090200410202|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 35 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=1SA_20:41!21|MId=o090200410211|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 36 דָּוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 37 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_20:41!22|MId=o090200410221|Strong=1732 37 הִגְדִּֽיל גָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 30 parataxis _ Gloss=he.did.great.things|Ref=1SA_20:41!23|MId=o090200410231|Strong=1431|Frame=A0:090200410221;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:41!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בָּא *he went* | qatal · qal | נַּעַר *lad* | | | | | קָם *he arose* | qatal · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | יִּפֹּל *he fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | יִּשְׁתַּחוּ *he bowed down* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | דָוִד *David* | | | | | יִּשְּׁקוּ *they kissed* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִד *David* | רֵע *friend* | | | | יִּבְכּוּ *they wept for* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִד *David* | רֵע *friend* | | | | הִגְדִּֽיל *he did great things* | qatal · hiphil | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} עוּלֵימָא אָתָא וְדָוִד קָם מִסְטַר אֶבֶן אָתָא דְלָקֳבֵיל דָרוֹמָא וּנְפַל עַל אַפּוֹהִי עַל אַרְעָא וּסְגִיד תְּלַת זִמְנִין וּנְשִׁיקוּ גְבַר יַת חַבְרֵיהּ וּבְכוּ גְבַר עִם חַבְרֵיהּ עַד דְדָוִד אַסְגִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the South, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed down three times; and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.619/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:558`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 20:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.40/) - next →: [1 Samuel 20:42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.42/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/)