--- title: 1 Samuel 20:42 — And Jonathan said to David: 'Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Jonathan said to David: 'Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying: The LORD shall be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed, for ever.' And he arose and departed; and Jonathan went into the city. Who acts: Jonathan, we, LORD. 1 Samuel 20:4 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.42/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/) / 20:42 # 1 Samuel 20:42 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Jonathan, we, LORD · **What happens:** say, go, swear, be, arise, depart · **To what, where:** David, peace, both, name, city, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 20:42 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, we, LORD — and what happens in the verse to David, peace, both, name, city, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן לְדָוִ֖ד לֵ֣ךְ לְשָׁל֑וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨עְנוּ שְׁנֵ֜ינוּ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ בְּשֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָ֞ה יִֽהְיֶ֣ה ׀ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֗ךָ וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעִ֛י וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃פ [And Jonathan said to David: 'Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying: The LORD shall be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed, for ever.' And he arose and departed; and Jonathan went into the city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.620/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:559 # text = וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן לְדָוִ֖ד לֵ֣ךְ לְשָׁל֑וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨עְנוּ שְׁנֵ֜ינוּ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ בְּשֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָ֞ה יִֽהְיֶ֣ה ׀ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֗ךָ וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעִ֛י וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃פ # verse = 1SA.20.42 1-2 וַיֹּ֧אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:42!1|MId=o090200420011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֧אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_20:42!1|MId=o090200420012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090200420021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן יְהוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_20:42!2|MId=o090200420021|Strong=3083 4-5 לְדָוִ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:42!3|MId=o090200420031|Strong=3807a 5 דָוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_20:42!3|MId=o090200420032|Strong=1732 6 לֵ֣ךְ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=1SA_20:42!4|MId=o090200420041|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090200420032;|Type=imperative 7-8 לְשָׁל֑וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:42!5|MId=o090200420051|Strong=3807a 8 שָׁל֑וֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=peace|Ref=1SA_20:42!5|MId=o090200420052|Strong=7965 9 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_20:42!6|MId=o090200420061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 נִשְׁבַּ֨עְנוּ שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 6 parataxis _ Gloss=we.have.sworn.an.oath|Ref=1SA_20:42!7|MId=o090200420071|Strong=7650|Frame=A0:090200420082;|Type=qatal 11-12 שְׁנֵ֜ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 שְׁנֵ֜י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 12 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=1SA_20:42!8|MId=o090200420081|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 12 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=of.us|Ref=1SA_20:42!8|MId=o090200420082|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 13 אֲנַ֗חְנוּ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=we|Ref=1SA_20:42!9|MId=o090200420091|Strong=0587|Type=personal 14-15 בְּשֵׁ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_20:42!10|MId=o090200420101|Strong=0871a 15 שֵׁ֤ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=1SA_20:42!10|MId=o090200420102|Strong=8034 16 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_20:42!11|MId=o090200420111|Strong=3068 17-18 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 23 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_20:42!12|MId=o090200420121|Strong=3807a 18 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_20:42!12|MId=o090200420122|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090200420032;090200420021;A1:090200420141;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 יְהוָ֞ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 23 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_20:42!13|MId=o090200420131|Strong=3068 20 יִֽהְיֶ֣ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 23 cop _ Gloss=he.will.be|Ref=1SA_20:42!14|MId=o090200420141|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090200420131;|Type=yiqtol 21 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:42!14 22-23 בֵּינִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בֵּינ בֵּין ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=1SA_20:42!15|MId=o090200420151|Strong=0996 23 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 advcl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_20:42!15|MId=o090200420152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 24-26 וּבֵינֶ֗ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:42!16|MId=o090200420161|Strong=2050b 25 בֵינ בֵּין ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=1SA_20:42!16|MId=o090200420162|Strong=0996 26 ֶ֗ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_20:42!16|MId=o090200420163|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 27-28 וּבֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:42!17|MId=o090200420171|Strong=2050b 28 בֵ֥ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=1SA_20:42!17|MId=o090200420172|Strong=0996 29-30 זַרְעִ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 זַרְע זֶרַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=offspring|Ref=1SA_20:42!18|MId=o090200420181|Strong=2233 30 ִ֛י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_20:42!18|MId=o090200420182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 31-32 וּבֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:42!19|MId=o090200420191|Strong=2050b 32 בֵ֥ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=1SA_20:42!19|MId=o090200420192|Strong=0996 33-34 זַרְעֲךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 זַרְע זֶרַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 conj _ Gloss=offspring|Ref=1SA_20:42!20|MId=o090200420201|Strong=2233 34 ֲךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_20:42!20|MId=o090200420202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 35 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=1SA_20:42!21|MId=o090200420211|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 36 עוֹלָֽם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=perpetuity|Ref=1SA_20:42!22|MId=o090200420221|Strong=5769|SpaceAfter=No 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:42!22|SpaceAfter=No 38 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:42!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | לֵךְ *go* | imperative · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ *we have sworn an oath* | qatal · niphal | נוּ *of us* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | דָוִד *David* + יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | יִֽהְיֶה *he will be* | | | | יִֽהְיֶה *he will be* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְהוֹנָתָן לְדָוִד אֱזֵיל לִשְׁלָם דְקַיֵמְנָא תַרְוֵינָא אֲנַחְנָא בִּשְׁמָא דַייָ לְמֵימַר מֵימְרָא דַייָ יְהֵי סָהִיד בֵּינָא וּבֵינָךְ וּבֵין בְּנַי וּבֵין בְּנָךְ עַד עָלְמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Jonathan said to David: 'Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying: The LORD shall be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed, for ever.' And he arose and departed; and Jonathan went into the city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.620/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:559`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 20:41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.41/) - next →: [1 Samuel 21:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.1/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/)