--- title: 1 Samuel 20:5 — And David said unto Jonathan: 'Behold, to-morrow is the new moon, wh… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David said unto Jonathan: 'Behold, to-morrow is the new moon, when I should sit with the king to eat; so let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even. Who acts: David, morrow, I, me. 1 Samuel 20:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/) / 20:5 # 1 Samuel 20:5 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, morrow, I, me · **What happens:** say, be, sit, eat, let, go · **To what, where:** new moon, me, myself, field · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 20:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, morrow, I, me — and what happens in the verse to new moon, me, myself, field, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן הִֽנֵּה־חֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ מָחָ֔ר וְאָנֹכִ֛י יָשֹׁב־אֵשֵׁ֥ב עִם־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֶאֱכ֑וֹל וְשִׁלַּחְתַּ֙נִי֙ וְנִסְתַּרְתִּ֣י בַשָּׂדֶ֔ה עַ֖ד הָעֶ֥רֶב הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁית׃ [And David said unto Jonathan: 'Behold, to-morrow is the new moon, when I should sit with the king to eat; so let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.580/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:522 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן הִֽנֵּה־חֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ מָחָ֔ר וְאָנֹכִ֛י יָשֹׁב־אֵשֵׁ֥ב עִם־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֶאֱכ֑וֹל וְשִׁלַּחְתַּ֙נִי֙ וְנִסְתַּרְתִּ֣י בַשָּׂדֶ֔ה עַ֖ד הָעֶ֥רֶב הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁית׃ # verse = 1SA.20.5 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:5!1|MId=o090200050011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_20:5!1|MId=o090200050012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090200050021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֜ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_20:5!2|MId=o090200050021|Strong=1732 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:5!3|MId=o090200050031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן יְהוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_20:5!4|MId=o090200050041|Strong=3083 6 הִֽנֵּה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 8 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=1SA_20:5!5|MId=o090200050051|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 7 חֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=a.new.moon|Ref=1SA_20:5!6|MId=o090200050061|Strong=2320 8 מָחָ֔ר מָחָר ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[will.be].tomorrow|Ref=1SA_20:5!7|MId=o090200050071|Strong=4279 9-10 וְאָנֹכִ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:5!8|MId=o090200050081|Strong=2050b 10 אָנֹכִ֛י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_20:5!8|MId=o090200050082|Strong=0595|Type=personal 11 יָשֹׁב־ יָשַׁב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 obl:npmod _ Gloss=really.(sit)|Ref=1SA_20:5!9|MId=o090200050091|Strong=3427|Type=infinitive_absolute|SpaceAfter=No 12 אֵשֵׁ֥ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 8 conj _ Gloss=I.will.sit|Ref=1SA_20:5!10|MId=o090200050101|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090200050082;|Type=yiqtol 13 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_20:5!11|MId=o090200050111|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:5!12|MId=o090200050121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_20:5!12|MId=o090200050122|Strong=4428 16-17 לֶאֱכ֑וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לֶ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:5!13|MId=o090200050131|Strong=3807a 17 אֱכ֑וֹל אָכַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 advcl _ Gloss=eat|Ref=1SA_20:5!13|MId=o090200050132|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:090200050021;|Type=infinitive_construct 18-20 וְשִׁלַּחְתַּ֙נִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:5!14|MId=o090200050141|Strong=2050b 19 שִׁלַּחְתַּ֙ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_20:5!14|MId=o090200050142|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:090200050041;A1:090200050143;|Type=weqatal 20 נִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ Gloss=will.let.me.go|Ref=1SA_20:5!14|MId=o090200050143|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 21-22 וְנִסְתַּרְתִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:5!15|MId=o090200050151|Strong=2050b 22 נִסְתַּרְתִּ֣י סָתַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 8 conj _ Gloss=I.will.hide.myself|Ref=1SA_20:5!15|MId=o090200050152|Strong=5641|Frame=A0:090200050021;|Type=weqatal 23-25 בַשָּׂדֶ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_20:5!16|MId=o090200050161|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:5!16|MId=o090200050161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 שָּׂדֶ֔ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=field|Ref=1SA_20:5!16|MId=o090200050162|Strong=7704 26 עַ֖ד עַד ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=1SA_20:5!17|MId=o090200050171|Strong=5704 27-28 הָעֶ֥רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_20:5!18|MId=o090200050181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 עֶ֥רֶב עֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=evening|Ref=1SA_20:5!18|MId=o090200050182|Strong=6153 29-30 הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_20:5!19|MId=o090200050191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 שְּׁלִשִֽׁית שְׁלִישִׁי NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 nummod _ Gloss=third|Ref=1SA_20:5!19|MId=o090200050192|Strong=7992|Type=ordinal_number 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:5!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | אֵשֵׁב *I will sit* | yiqtol · qal | אָנֹכִי *I* | | | | | אֱכוֹל *eat* | infinitive construct · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | שִׁלַּחְתַּ *you* | weqatal · piel | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | נִי *will let me go* | | | | נִסְתַּרְתִּי *I will hide myself* | weqatal · niphal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד לִיהוֹנָתָן הָא יַרְחָא מְחַר וַאֲנָא אַסְחָרָא אַסְחַר עִם מַלְכָּא לְמֵיכַל וְתִשְׁלְחִינַנִי וְאִטַמֵר בְּחַקְלָא עַד עִדַן רַמְשָׁא דְיוֹמָא תְלִיתָאָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David said unto Jonathan: 'Behold, to-morrow is the new moon, when I should sit with the king to eat; so let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.580/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:522`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 20:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.4/) - next →: [1 Samuel 20:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.6/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/)