--- title: 1 Samuel 20:9 — And Jonathan said: 'Far be it from thee; for if I should at all know… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Jonathan said: 'Far be it from thee; for if I should at all know that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee? Who acts: Jonathan, servant, I, father. 1 Samuel 20:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ever --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/) / 20:9 # 1 Samuel 20:9 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Jonathan, servant, I, father · **What happens:** say, be, know, determine, come, not tell · **To what, where:** thee, all, evil, servant · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 20:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, servant, I, father — and what happens in the verse to thee, all, evil, servant, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן חָלִ֣ילָה לָּ֑ךְ כִּ֣י ׀ אִם־יָדֹ֣עַ אֵדַ֗ע כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֨ה הָרָעָ֜ה מֵעִ֤ם אָבִי֙ לָב֣וֹא עָלֶ֔יךָ וְלֹ֥א אֹתָ֖הּ אַגִּ֥יד לָֽךְ׃ס [And Jonathan said: 'Far be it from thee; for if I should at all know that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.584/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:526 # text = וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן חָלִ֣ילָה לָּ֑ךְ כִּ֣י ׀ אִם־יָדֹ֣עַ אֵדַ֗ע כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֨ה הָרָעָ֜ה מֵעִ֤ם אָבִי֙ לָב֣וֹא עָלֶ֔יךָ וְלֹ֥א אֹתָ֖הּ אַגִּ֥יד לָֽךְ׃ס # verse = 1SA.20.9 1-2 וַיֹּ֥אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:9!1|MId=o090200090011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֥אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_20:9!1|MId=o090200090012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090200090021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן יְהוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_20:9!2|MId=o090200090021|Strong=3083 4-5 חָלִ֣ילָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 חָלִ֣יל חָלִילָה INTJ _ _ 5 discourse _ Gloss=far|Ref=1SA_20:9!3|MId=o090200090031|Strong=2486|Type=interjection 5 ָה ה X _ _ 2 ccomp _ Gloss=be.it|Ref=1SA_20:9!3|MId=o090200090032|Strong=1886c|Type=paragogic_he 6-7 לָּ֑ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:9!4|MId=o090200090041|Strong=3807a 7 ָ֑ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_20:9!4|MId=o090200090042|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 8 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 29 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_20:9!5|MId=o090200090051|Strong=3588 9 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:9!5 10 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 8 fixed _ Gloss=if|Ref=1SA_20:9!6|MId=o090200090061|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 11 יָדֹ֣עַ יָדַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 obl:npmod _ Gloss=ever.(know)|Ref=1SA_20:9!7|MId=o090200090071|Strong=3045|Type=infinitive_absolute 12 אֵדַ֗ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 29 advcl _ Gloss=I.will.know|Ref=1SA_20:9!8|MId=o090200090081|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:090200090021;A1:090200090101;|Type=yiqtol 13 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_20:9!9|MId=o090200090091|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 14 כָלְתָ֨ה כָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 ccomp _ Gloss=it.has.been.determined|Ref=1SA_20:9!10|MId=o090200090101|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:090200090112;|Type=qatal 15-16 הָרָעָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_20:9!11|MId=o090200090111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 רָעָ֜ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=harm|Ref=1SA_20:9!11|MId=o090200090112|Strong=7451b 17-18 מֵעִ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_20:9!12|MId=o090200090121|Strong=4480 18 עִ֤ם עִם ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_20:9!12|MId=o090200090122|Strong=5973 19-20 אָבִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אָב אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=father|Ref=1SA_20:9!13|MId=o090200090131|Strong=0001 20 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_20:9!13|MId=o090200090132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 21-22 לָב֣וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:9!14|MId=o090200090141|Strong=3807a 22 ב֣וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 xcomp _ Gloss=come|Ref=1SA_20:9!14|MId=o090200090142|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090200090112;|Type=infinitive_construct 23-24 עָלֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 עָלֶ֔י עַל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_20:9!15|MId=o090200090151|Strong=5921 24 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_20:9!15|MId=o090200090152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 25-26 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_20:9!16|MId=o090200090161|Strong=2050b 26 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_20:9!16|MId=o090200090162|Strong=3808|Type=negative 27-28 אֹתָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_20:9!17|MId=o090200090171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 28 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=1SA_20:9!17|MId=o090200090172|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 29 אַגִּ֥יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 advcl _ Gloss=will.I.tell?|Ref=1SA_20:9!18|MId=o090200090181|Strong=5046|Frame=AA:090200090021;A0:090200090172;|Type=yiqtol 30-31 לָֽךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 ל לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_20:9!19|MId=o090200090191|Strong=3807a 31 ָֽךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_20:9!19|MId=o090200090192|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:9!19|SpaceAfter=No 33 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1SA_20:9!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | אֵדַע *I will know* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | כָלְתָה *it has been determined* | | | | כָלְתָה *it has been determined* | qatal · qal | רָעָה *harm* | | | | | בוֹא *come* | infinitive construct · qal | רָעָה *harm* | | | | | **not** אַגִּיד *will I tell?* | yiqtol · hiphil | ָהּ *it* | | | יְהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְהוֹנָתָן חַס לָךְ אֲרֵי אִם מִדַע אֵדַע אֲרֵי גְמִירָא בִּישְׁתָּא מִן אַבָּא לְמֵיתֵי עֲלָךְ וְלָא יָתָהּ אֲחַוֵי לָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Jonathan said: 'Far be it from thee; for if I should at all know that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.584/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:526`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 20:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.8/) - next →: [1 Samuel 20:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.10/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/20/)