--- title: 1 Samuel 21:5 — And the priest answered David, and said: 'There is no common bread u… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the priest answered David, and said: 'There is no common bread under my hand, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.' Who acts: priest, common bread, holy bread, young men. 1 Samuel 21:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/21/) / 21:5 # 1 Samuel 21:5 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** priest, common bread, holy bread, young men · **What happens:** answer, say, be, keep · **To what, where:** David, hand, loaves · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 21:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — priest, common bread, holy bread, young men — and what happens in the verse to David, hand, loaves, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֨עַן הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־דָּוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר אֵֽין־לֶ֥חֶם חֹ֖ל אֶל־תַּ֣חַת יָדִ֑י כִּֽי־אִם־לֶ֤חֶם קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יֵ֔שׁ אִם־נִשְׁמְר֥וּ הַנְּעָרִ֖ים אַ֥ךְ מֵאִשָּֽׁה׃פ [And the priest answered David, and said: 'There is no common bread under my hand, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.624/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:564 # text = וַיַּ֨עַן הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־דָּוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר אֵֽין־לֶ֥חֶם חֹ֖ל אֶל־תַּ֣חַת יָדִ֑י כִּֽי־אִם־לֶ֤חֶם קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יֵ֔שׁ אִם־נִשְׁמְר֥וּ הַנְּעָרִ֖ים אַ֥ךְ מֵאִשָּֽׁה׃פ # verse = 1SA.21.5 1-2 וַיַּ֨עַן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_21:5!1|MId=o090210050011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֨עַן עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.answered|Ref=1SA_21:5!1|MId=o090210050012|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:090210050022;A1:090210050041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַכֹּהֵ֤ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_21:5!2|MId=o090210050021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 כֹּהֵ֤ן כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=priest|Ref=1SA_21:5!2|MId=o090210050022|Strong=3548 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_21:5!3|MId=o090210050031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_21:5!4|MId=o090210050041|Strong=1732 7-8 וַיֹּ֔אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_21:5!5|MId=o090210050051|Strong=2050b 8 יֹּ֔אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_21:5!5|MId=o090210050052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090210050022;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 אֵֽין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=1SA_21:5!6|MId=o090210050061|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 10 לֶ֥חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=bread|Ref=1SA_21:5!7|MId=o090210050071|Strong=3899 11 חֹ֖ל חֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.profaneness|Ref=1SA_21:5!8|MId=o090210050081|Strong=2455 12 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_21:5!9|MId=o090210050091|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 13 תַּ֣חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 8 ccomp _ Gloss=under|Ref=1SA_21:5!10|MId=o090210050101|Strong=8478 14-15 יָדִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_21:5!11|MId=o090210050111|Strong=3027 15 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_21:5!11|MId=o090210050112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 16 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_21:5!12|MId=o090210050121|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 17 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 16 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=1SA_21:5!13|MId=o090210050131|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 18 לֶ֤חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=bread|Ref=1SA_21:5!14|MId=o090210050141|Strong=3899 19 קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ קֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.holiness|Ref=1SA_21:5!15|MId=o090210050151|Strong=6944 20 יֵ֔שׁ יֵשׁ ADV _ _ 13 parataxis _ Gloss=there.[is]|Ref=1SA_21:5!16|MId=o090210050161|Strong=3426|Type=demonstrative 21 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=1SA_21:5!17|MId=o090210050171|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 22 נִשְׁמְר֥וּ שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 13 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.kept.themselves|Ref=1SA_21:5!18|MId=o090210050181|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:090210050192;|Type=qatal 23-24 הַנְּעָרִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the.young|Ref=1SA_21:5!19|MId=o090210050191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 נְּעָרִ֖ים נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_21:5!19|MId=o090210050192|Strong=5288 25 אַ֥ךְ אַךְ ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=only|Ref=1SA_21:5!20|MId=o090210050201|Strong=0389|Type=affirmation 26-27 מֵאִשָּֽׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_21:5!21|MId=o090210050211|Strong=4480 27 אִשָּֽׁה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=a.woman|Ref=1SA_21:5!21|MId=o090210050212|Strong=0802 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1SA_21:5!21|SpaceAfter=No 29 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1SA_21:5!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַן *he answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | כֹּהֵן *priest* | דָּוִד *David* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | כֹּהֵן *priest* | | | | | נִשְׁמְרוּ *they have kept themselves* | qatal · niphal | נְּעָרִים *men* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתֵיב כַּהֲנָא יַת דָוִד וַאֲמַר לֵית לְחֵם חוֹלִין לִתְחוֹת יְדָי אֱלָהֵין לַחְמָא דְקֻדְשָׁא אִית בְּרַם אִם נָטְרִין עוּלֵימַיָא לְחוֹד מִסוֹאֲבַת אִתְּתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the priest answered David, and said: 'There is no common bread under my hand, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.624/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:564`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 21:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.4/) - next →: [1 Samuel 21:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.6/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/21/)