--- title: 1 Samuel 21:6 — And David answered the priest, and said unto him: 'Of a truth women… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David answered the priest, and said unto him: 'Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days; when I came out, the vessels of the young men were holy, though it was but a common journey; how much more then to-day, when there shall be holy bread in their vessels?' Who acts: David --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/21/) / 21:6 # 1 Samuel 21:6 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, I, vessels, bread, holy bread · **What happens:** answer, say, keep, come out, be · **To what, where:** priest, women, common journey · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 21:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, I, vessels, bread, holy bread — and what happens in the verse to priest, women, common journey, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעַן֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ כִּ֣י אִם־אִשָּׁ֤ה עֲצֻֽרָה־לָ֙נוּ֙ כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם בְּצֵאתִ֕י וַיִּהְי֥וּ כְלֵֽי־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְהוּא֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ חֹ֔ל וְאַ֕ף כִּ֥י הַיּ֖וֹם יִקְדַּ֥שׁ בַּכֶּֽלִי׃ [And David answered the priest, and said unto him: 'Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days; when I came out, the vessels of the young men were holy, though it was but a common journey; how much more then to-day, when there shall be holy bread in their vessels?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.625/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:565 # text = וַיַּעַן֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ כִּ֣י אִם־אִשָּׁ֤ה עֲצֻֽרָה־לָ֙נוּ֙ כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם בְּצֵאתִ֕י וַיִּהְי֥וּ כְלֵֽי־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְהוּא֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ חֹ֔ל וְאַ֕ף כִּ֥י הַיּ֖וֹם יִקְדַּ֥שׁ בַּכֶּֽלִי׃ # verse = 1SA.21.6 1-2 וַיַּעַן֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_21:6!1|MId=o090210060011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעַן֩ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.answered|Ref=1SA_21:6!1|MId=o090210060012|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:090210060021;A1:090210060042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֨ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_21:6!2|MId=o090210060021|Strong=1732 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_21:6!3|MId=o090210060031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַכֹּהֵ֜ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_21:6!4|MId=o090210060041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 כֹּהֵ֜ן כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=priest|Ref=1SA_21:6!4|MId=o090210060042|Strong=3548 7-8 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_21:6!5|MId=o090210060051|Strong=2050b 8 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_21:6!5|MId=o090210060052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090210060021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 ל֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ל לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_21:6!6|MId=o090210060061|Strong=3807a 10 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_21:6!6|MId=o090210060062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 14 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_21:6!7|MId=o090210060071|Strong=3588 12 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 11 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=1SA_21:6!8|MId=o090210060081|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 13 אִשָּׁ֤ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=woman|Ref=1SA_21:6!9|MId=o090210060091|Strong=0802 14 עֲצֻֽרָה־ עָצַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=[is].withheld|Ref=1SA_21:6!10|MId=o090210060101|Strong=6113|Frame=A1:090210060091;|Type=participle_passive|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 לָ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ל לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_21:6!11|MId=o090210060111|Strong=3807a 16 ָ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=1SA_21:6!11|MId=o090210060112|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 17-18 כִּתְמ֣וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=1SA_21:6!12|MId=o090210060121|Strong=3509a 18 תְמ֣וֹל תְּמוֹל ADV _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=yesterday|Ref=1SA_21:6!12|MId=o090210060122|Strong=8543 19 שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם שִׁלְשֹׁום ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 advmod _ Gloss=three.days.ago|Ref=1SA_21:6!13|MId=o090210060131|Strong=8032 20-22 בְּצֵאתִ֕י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=1SA_21:6!14|MId=o090210060141|Strong=0871a 21 צֵאת יָצָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 advcl _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_21:6!14|MId=o090210060142|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:090210060143;|Type=infinitive_construct 22 ִ֕י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=go.out|Ref=1SA_21:6!14|MId=o090210060143|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 23-24 וַיִּהְי֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_21:6!15|MId=o090210060151|Strong=2050b 24 יִּהְי֥וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 28 cop _ Gloss=they.were|Ref=1SA_21:6!15|MId=o090210060152|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090210060161;|Type=wayyiqtol 25 כְלֵֽי־ כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ Gloss=the.vessels|Ref=1SA_21:6!16|MId=o090210060161|Strong=3627|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 הַנְּעָרִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_21:6!17|MId=o090210060171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 נְּעָרִ֖ים נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.young.men|Ref=1SA_21:6!17|MId=o090210060172|Strong=5288 28 קֹ֑דֶשׁ קֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=holiness|Ref=1SA_21:6!18|MId=o090210060181|Strong=6944 29-30 וְהוּא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_21:6!19|MId=o090210060191|Strong=2050b 30 הוּא֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=1SA_21:6!19|MId=o090210060192|Strong=1931|Type=personal 31 דֶּ֣רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[is].a.journey|Ref=1SA_21:6!20|MId=o090210060201|Strong=1870 32 חֹ֔ל חֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.profaneness|Ref=1SA_21:6!21|MId=o090210060211|Strong=2455 33-34 וְאַ֕ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_21:6!22|MId=o090210060221|Strong=2050b 34 אַ֕ף אַף ADV _ _ 38 advmod _ Gloss=indeed?|Ref=1SA_21:6!22|MId=o090210060222|Strong=0637 35 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_21:6!23|MId=o090210060231|Strong=3588 36-37 הַיּ֖וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_21:6!24|MId=o090210060241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 יּ֖וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_21:6!24|MId=o090210060242|Strong=3117 38 יִקְדַּ֥שׁ קָדַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.is.holy|Ref=1SA_21:6!25|MId=o090210060251|Strong=6942|Frame=A0:090210060172;|Type=yiqtol 39-41 בַּכֶּֽלִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_21:6!26|MId=o090210060261|Strong=0871a 40 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_21:6!26|MId=o090210060261ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 כֶּֽלִי כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 obl _ Gloss=vessel|Ref=1SA_21:6!26|MId=o090210060262|Strong=3627 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=1SA_21:6!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַן *he answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | כֹּהֵן *priest* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | עֲצֻֽרָה־ *\[is\] withheld* | participle passive · qal | | אִשָּׁה *woman* | | | | צֵאת *I* | infinitive construct · qal | ִי *go out* | | | | | יִּהְיוּ *they were* | wayyiqtol · qal | כְלֵֽי־ *the vessels* | | | | | יִקְדַּשׁ *it is holy* | yiqtol · qal | נְּעָרִים *the young men* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתֵיב דָוִד יַת כַּהֲנָא וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ בְּקֻשְׁטָא אִתְּתָא מְרַחֲקָא לָנָא כְּמֵאִתְמָלֵי וּמִדְקֳדָמוֹהִי בְּמִפְקִי וַהֲוָה מָנֵיהוֹן לְעוּלֵימַיָא דְכָן לְקֻדְשָׁא וְהוּא בְּאוֹרַח חוֹלָא הֲוָה אָזֵיל וְיוֹמָא דֵין הֲוָה מִתְאֲכֵיל וְלָא מִתְפְּסַל בְּמָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David answered the priest, and said unto him: 'Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days; when I came out, the vessels of the young men were holy, though it was but a common journey; how much more then to-day, when there shall be holy bread in their vessels?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.625/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:565`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 21:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.5/) - next →: [1 Samuel 21:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.7/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/21/)