--- title: 1 Samuel 21:9 — And David said unto Ahimelech: 'And is there peradventure here under… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David said unto Ahimelech: 'And is there peradventure here under thy hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste.' Who acts: David, I, business. 1 Samuel 21:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/21/) / 21:9 # 1 Samuel 21:9 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, I, business · **What happens:** say, bring, require · **To what, where:** sword, haste · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 21:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, I, business — and what happens in the verse to sword, haste, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ לַאֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְאִ֛ין יֶשׁ־פֹּ֥ה תַֽחַת־יָדְךָ֖ חֲנִ֣ית אוֹ־חָ֑רֶב כִּ֣י גַם־חַרְבִּ֤י וְגַם־כֵּלַי֙ לֹֽא־לָקַ֣חְתִּי בְיָדִ֔י כִּֽי־הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ נָחֽוּץ׃ס [And David said unto Ahimelech: 'And is there peradventure here under thy hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.628/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:568 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ לַאֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְאִ֛ין יֶשׁ־פֹּ֥ה תַֽחַת־יָדְךָ֖ חֲנִ֣ית אוֹ־חָ֑רֶב כִּ֣י גַם־חַרְבִּ֤י וְגַם־כֵּלַי֙ לֹֽא־לָקַ֣חְתִּי בְיָדִ֔י כִּֽי־הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ נָחֽוּץ׃ס # verse = 1SA.21.9 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_21:9!1|MId=o090210090011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_21:9!1|MId=o090210090012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090210090021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_21:9!2|MId=o090210090021|Strong=1732 4-5 לַאֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_21:9!3|MId=o090210090031|Strong=3807a 5 אֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְ אֲחִימֶלֶךְ PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Ahimelech|Ref=1SA_21:9!3|MId=o090210090032|Strong=0288 6-7 וְאִ֛ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_21:9!4|MId=o090210090041|Strong=2050b 7 אִ֛ין אִין ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_21:9!4|MId=o090210090042|Strong=0371|Type=negative 8 יֶשׁ־ יֵשׁ ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=there.[is]|Ref=1SA_21:9!5|MId=o090210090051|Strong=3426|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 9 פֹּ֥ה פֹּה ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=here|Ref=1SA_21:9!6|MId=o090210090061|Strong=6311 10 תַֽחַת־ תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=1SA_21:9!7|MId=o090210090071|Strong=8478|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 יָדְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_21:9!8|MId=o090210090081|Strong=3027 12 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_21:9!8|MId=o090210090082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 13 חֲנִ֣ית חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=a.spear|Ref=1SA_21:9!9|MId=o090210090091|Strong=2595 14 אוֹ־ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=1SA_21:9!10|MId=o090210090101|Strong=0176|SpaceAfter=No 15 חָ֑רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 conj _ Gloss=a.sword|Ref=1SA_21:9!11|MId=o090210090111|Strong=2719 16 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_21:9!12|MId=o090210090121|Strong=3588 17 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=both|Ref=1SA_21:9!13|MId=o090210090131|Strong=1571|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 חַרְבִּ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 חַרְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 obj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=1SA_21:9!14|MId=o090210090141|Strong=2719 19 ִ֤י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_21:9!14|MId=o090210090142|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20-21 וְגַם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=(and).as|Ref=1SA_21:9!15|MId=o090210090151|Strong=2050b 21 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=well.as|Ref=1SA_21:9!15|MId=o090210090152|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 22-23 כֵּלַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 כֵּל כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 conj _ Gloss=weapons|Ref=1SA_21:9!16|MId=o090210090161|Strong=3627 23 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_21:9!16|MId=o090210090162|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 24 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_21:9!17|MId=o090210090171|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 25 לָקַ֣חְתִּי לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 advcl _ Gloss=I.took|Ref=1SA_21:9!18|MId=o090210090181|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090210090021;A1:090210090141;090210090161;|Type=qatal 26-28 בְיָדִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_21:9!19|MId=o090210090191|Strong=0871a 27 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_21:9!19|MId=o090210090192|Strong=3027 28 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_21:9!19|MId=o090210090193|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 29 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_21:9!20|MId=o090210090201|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 30 הָיָ֥ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 34 cop _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1SA_21:9!21|MId=o090210090211|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090210090221;|Type=qatal 31 דְבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=the.matter|Ref=1SA_21:9!22|MId=o090210090221|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 32-33 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_21:9!23|MId=o090210090231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=1SA_21:9!23|MId=o090210090232|Strong=4428 34 נָחֽוּץ נָחַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=urgent|Ref=1SA_21:9!24|MId=o090210090241|Strong=5169|Frame=A0:090210090221;|Type=participle_passive|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=1SA_21:9!24|SpaceAfter=No 36 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=1SA_21:9!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | **not** לָקַחְתִּי *I took* | qatal · qal | דָּוִד *David* | חַרְבּ *sword* + כֵּל *weapons* | | | | הָיָה *it was* | qatal · qal | דְבַר־ *the matter* | | | | | נָחֽוּץ *urgent* | participle passive · qal | דְבַר־ *the matter* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד לַאֲחִימֶלֶךְ אִלוּ אִית כָּא תְּחוֹת יְדָךְ מוּרְנִיתָא אוֹ חַרְבָּא אֲרֵי אַף חַרְבִּי וְאַף מָנֵי לָא נַסְבֵית בִּידִי אֲרֵי הֲוָה פִּתְגַם מַלְכָּא בִּבְהִילוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David said unto Ahimelech: 'And is there peradventure here under thy hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.628/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:568`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 21:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.8/) - next →: [1 Samuel 21:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.10/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/21/)