--- title: 1 Samuel 22:12 — And Saul said: 'Hear now, thou son of Ahitub.' And he answered: 'Her… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul said: 'Hear now, thou son of Ahitub.' And he answered: 'Here I am, my lord.' Who acts: Saul, thou, son, I. 1 Samuel 22:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/) / 22:12 # 1 Samuel 22:12 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, thou, son, I · **What happens:** say, hear, answer, be · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 22:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, thou, son, I — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל שְֽׁמַֽע־נָ֖א בֶּן־אֲחִיט֑וּב וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנְנִ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃ [And Saul said: 'Hear now, thou son of Ahitub.' And he answered: 'Here I am, my lord.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.648/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:587 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל שְֽׁמַֽע־נָ֖א בֶּן־אֲחִיט֑וּב וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנְנִ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃ # verse = 1SA.22.12 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:12!1|MId=o090220120011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_22:12!1|MId=o090220120012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090220120021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_22:12!2|MId=o090220120021|Strong=7586 4 שְֽׁמַֽע־ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=listen|Ref=1SA_22:12!3|MId=o090220120031|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:090220120051;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 5 נָ֖א נָא INTJ _ _ 4 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=1SA_22:12!4|MId=o090220120041|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 6 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=O.son|Ref=1SA_22:12!5|MId=o090220120051|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 7 אֲחִיט֑וּב אֲחִיטוּב PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ahitub|Ref=1SA_22:12!6|MId=o090220120061|Strong=0285 8-9 וַיֹּ֖אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:12!7|MId=o090220120071|Strong=2050b 9 יֹּ֖אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_22:12!7|MId=o090220120072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090220110051;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 הִנְנִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 9 ccomp _ Gloss=here|Ref=1SA_22:12!8|MId=o090220120081|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 11 ְנִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=I.[am]|Ref=1SA_22:12!8|MId=o090220120082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 12-13 אֲדֹנִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 parataxis _ Gloss=my.lord|Ref=1SA_22:12!9|MId=o090220120091|Strong=0113 13 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_22:12!9|MId=o090220120092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 13 punct _ Ref=1SA_22:12!9 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - hedged: yes (נָא) - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | שְֽׁמַֽע־ *listen* | imperative · qal | בֶּן־ *O son* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר שָׁאוּל שְׁמַע כְּעַן בַּר אֲחִיטוּב וַאֲמַר הָא אֲנָא רִבּוֹנִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul said: 'Hear now, thou son of Ahitub.' And he answered: 'Here I am, my lord.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.648/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:587`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 22:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.11/) - next →: [1 Samuel 22:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.13/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/)