--- title: 1 Samuel 22:13 — And Saul said unto him: 'Why have ye conspired against me, thou and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul said unto him: 'Why have ye conspired against me, thou and the son of Jesse, in that thou hast given him bread, and a sword, and hast inquired of God for him, that he should rise against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?' Who acts: Saul, ye, thou. 1 Samuel 22:13 in Hebrew with its depende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/) / 22:13 # 1 Samuel 22:13 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, ye, thou · **What happens:** say, conspire, give, inquire, rise, lie · **To what, where:** bread, Saul, wait · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 22:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, ye, thou — and what happens in the verse to bread, Saul, wait, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ שָׁא֔וּל לָ֚מָּה קְשַׁרְתֶּ֣ם עָלַ֔י אַתָּ֖ה וּבֶן־יִשָׁ֑י בְּתִתְּךָ֨ל֜וֹ לֶ֣חֶם וְחֶ֗רֶב וְשָׁא֥וֹל לוֹ֙ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים לָק֥וּם אֵלַ֛י לְאֹרֵ֖ב כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ס [And Saul said unto him: 'Why have ye conspired against me, thou and the son of Jesse, in that thou hast given him bread, and a sword, and hast inquired of God for him, that he should rise against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.649/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:588 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ שָׁא֔וּל לָ֚מָּה קְשַׁרְתֶּ֣ם עָלַ֔י אַתָּ֖ה וּבֶן־יִשָׁ֑י בְּתִתְּךָ֨ל֜וֹ לֶ֣חֶם וְחֶ֗רֶב וְשָׁא֥וֹל לוֹ֙ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים לָק֥וּם אֵלַ֛י לְאֹרֵ֖ב כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ס # verse = 1SA.22.13 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:13!1|MId=o090220130011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_22:13!1|MId=o090220130012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090220130041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֵלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֵלָי אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_22:13!3|MId=o090220130031|Strong=0413 4 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_22:13!3|MId=o090220130032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_22:13!4|MId=o090220130041|Strong=7586 6-7 לָ֚מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לָ֚ לָמָה ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_22:13!5|MId=o090220130051|Strong=3807a 7 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 8 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=1SA_22:13!5|MId=o090220130052|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 8 קְשַׁרְתֶּ֣ם קָשַׁר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=have.you.conspired|Ref=1SA_22:13!6|MId=o090220130061|Strong=7194|Frame=A0:090220130081;090220130092;|Type=qatal 9-10 עָלַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_22:13!7|MId=o090220130071|Strong=5921 10 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_22:13!7|MId=o090220130072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 11 אַתָּ֖ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_22:13!8|MId=o090220130081|Strong=0859|Type=personal 12-13 וּבֶן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:13!9|MId=o090220130091|Strong=2050b 13 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1SA_22:13!9|MId=o090220130092|Strong=1121 14 יִשָׁ֑י יִשַׁי PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jesse|Ref=1SA_22:13!10|MId=o090220130101|Strong=3448 15-19 בְּתִתְּךָ֨ל֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=1SA_22:13!11|MId=o090220130111|Strong=0871a 16 תִתּ נָתַן VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 8 advcl _ Gloss=gave|Ref=1SA_22:13!11|MId=o090220130112|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:090220130113;A1:090220130131;090220130142;|Type=infinitive_construct 17 ְךָ֨ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_22:13!11|MId=o090220130113|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_22:13!12|MId=o090220130121|Strong=3807a 19 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_22:13!12|MId=o090220130122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 לֶ֣חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=bread|Ref=1SA_22:13!13|MId=o090220130131|Strong=3899 21-22 וְחֶ֗רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:13!14|MId=o090220130141|Strong=2050b 22 חֶ֗רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=a.sword|Ref=1SA_22:13!14|MId=o090220130142|Strong=2719 23-24 וְשָׁא֥וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and.[you]|Ref=1SA_22:13!15|MId=o090220130151|Strong=2050b 24 שָׁא֥וֹל שָׁאַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 conj _ Gloss=enquired|Ref=1SA_22:13!15|MId=o090220130152|Strong=7592|Frame=A0:090220110051;|Type=infinitive_absolute 25-26 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ל לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_22:13!16|MId=o090220130161|Strong=3807a 26 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_22:13!16|MId=o090220130162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-28 בֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בֵּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_22:13!17|MId=o090220130171|Strong=0871a 28 אלֹהִ֔ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 obl _ Gloss=God|Ref=1SA_22:13!17|MId=o090220130172|Strong=0430 29-30 לָק֥וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_22:13!18|MId=o090220130181|Strong=3807a 30 ק֥וּם קוּם VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 24 advcl _ Gloss=rise.up|Ref=1SA_22:13!18|MId=o090220130182|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:090220130092;|Type=infinitive_construct 31-32 אֵלַ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_22:13!19|MId=o090220130191|Strong=0413 32 ַ֛י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_22:13!19|MId=o090220130192|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 33-34 לְאֹרֵ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_22:13!20|MId=o090220130201|Strong=3807a 34 אֹרֵ֖ב אָרַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=an.ambusher|Ref=1SA_22:13!20|MId=o090220130202|Strong=0693|Type=participle_active 35-37 כַּיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=1SA_22:13!21|MId=o090220130211|Strong=3509a 36 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_22:13!21|MId=o090220130211ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_22:13!21|MId=o090220130212|Strong=3117 38-39 הַזֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_22:13!22|MId=o090220130221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 זֶּֽה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 37 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_22:13!22|MId=o090220130222|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=1SA_22:13!22|SpaceAfter=No 41 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=1SA_22:13!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | קְשַׁרְתֶּם *have you conspired* | qatal · qal | אַתָּה *you* + בֶן־ *the son* | | | | | תִתּ *gave* | infinitive construct · qal | ְךָ *you* | לֶחֶם *bread* + חֶרֶב *a sword* | | | | שָׁאוֹל *enquired* | infinitive absolute · qal | | | | | | קוּם *rise up* | infinitive construct · qal | בֶן־ *the son* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ שָׁאוּל לְמָה מְרַדְתּוּן עֲלַי אַתְּ וּבַר יִשַׁי בְמַתְּנָךְ לֵיהּ מָזוֹן וְחַרְבָּא וּשְׁאָלִית לֵיהּ בְּמֵימְרָא דַייָ לְמֵיקַם עֲלַי לִכְמָנָא כְּיוֹמָא הָדֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul said unto him: 'Why have ye conspired against me, thou and the son of Jesse, in that thou hast given him bread, and a sword, and hast inquired of God for him, that he should rise against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.649/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:588`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 22:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.12/) - next →: [1 Samuel 22:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.14/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/)