--- title: 1 Samuel 22:17 — And the king said unto the guard that stood about him: 'Turn, and sl… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the king said unto the guard that stood about him: 'Turn, and slay the priests of the LORD; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew that he fled, and did not disclose it to me.' But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the LORD. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/) / 22:17 # 1 Samuel 22:17 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** king, guard, hand, servants · **What happens:** say, stand, turn, slay, be, know · **To what, where:** priests, hand, me · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 22:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, guard, hand, servants — and what happens in the verse to priests, hand, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ לָרָצִים֩ הַנִּצָּבִ֨ים עָלָ֜יו סֹ֥בּוּ וְהָמִ֣יתוּ ׀ כֹּהֲנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה כִּ֤י גַם־יָדָם֙ עִם־דָּוִ֔ד וְכִ֤י יָֽדְעוּ֙ כִּֽי־בֹרֵ֣חַ ה֔וּא וְלֹ֥א גָל֖וּ אֶת־אָזְנִ֑י וְלֹֽא־אָב֞וּ עַבְדֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ אֶת־יָדָ֔ם לִפְגֹ֖עַ בְּכֹהֲנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ס [And the king said unto the guard that stood about him: 'Turn, and slay the priests of the LORD; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew that he fled, and did not disclose it to me.' But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.653/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:592 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ לָרָצִים֩ הַנִּצָּבִ֨ים עָלָ֜יו סֹ֥בּוּ וְהָמִ֣יתוּ ׀ כֹּהֲנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה כִּ֤י גַם־יָדָם֙ עִם־דָּוִ֔ד וְכִ֤י יָֽדְעוּ֙ כִּֽי־בֹרֵ֣חַ ה֔וּא וְלֹ֥א גָל֖וּ אֶת־אָזְנִ֑י וְלֹֽא־אָב֞וּ עַבְדֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ אֶת־יָדָ֔ם לִפְגֹ֖עַ בְּכֹהֲנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ס # verse = 1SA.22.17 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:17!1|MId=o090220170011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_22:17!1|MId=o090220170012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090220170022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_22:17!2|MId=o090220170021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּ֡לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_22:17!2|MId=o090220170022|Strong=4428 5-7 לָרָצִים֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_22:17!3|MId=o090220170031|Strong=3807a 6 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_22:17!3|MId=o090220170031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 רָצִים֩ רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 advcl _ Gloss=runners|Ref=1SA_22:17!3|MId=o090220170032|Strong=7323|Frame=A0:090220090071;|Type=participle_active 8-9 הַנִּצָּבִ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=1SA_22:17!4|MId=o090220170041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 נִּצָּבִ֨ים נָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=were].standing|Ref=1SA_22:17!4|MId=o090220170042|Strong=5324|Frame=A0:090220170033;|Type=participle_active 10-11 עָלָ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 עָלָ֜י עַל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_22:17!5|MId=o090220170051|Strong=5921 11 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_22:17!5|MId=o090220170052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12 סֹ֥בּוּ סָבַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=turn.round|Ref=1SA_22:17!6|MId=o090220170061|Strong=5437|Frame=A0:090220170033;|Type=imperative 13-14 וְהָמִ֣יתוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:17!7|MId=o090220170071|Strong=2050b 14 הָמִ֣יתוּ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 12 conj _ Gloss=put.to.death|Ref=1SA_22:17!7|MId=o090220170072|Strong=4191|Frame=AA:090220170033;A0:090220170081;|Type=imperative 15 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=1SA_22:17!7 16 כֹּהֲנֵ֣י כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obj _ Gloss=the.priests|Ref=1SA_22:17!8|MId=o090220170081|Strong=3548 17 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_22:17!9|MId=o090220170091|Strong=3068 18 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_22:17!10|MId=o090220170101|Strong=3588 19 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1SA_22:17!11|MId=o090220170111|Strong=1571|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 יָדָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_22:17!12|MId=o090220170121|Strong=3027 21 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=1SA_22:17!12|MId=o090220170122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=[is].with|Ref=1SA_22:17!13|MId=o090220170131|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 23 דָּוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 12 advcl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_22:17!14|MId=o090220170141|Strong=1732 24-25 וְכִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:17!15|MId=o090220170151|Strong=2050b 25 כִ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_22:17!15|MId=o090220170152|Strong=3588 26 יָֽדְעוּ֙ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 12 advcl _ Gloss=they.knew|Ref=1SA_22:17!16|MId=o090220170161|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:090220170081;A1:090220170181;|Type=qatal 27 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_22:17!17|MId=o090220170171|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 28 בֹרֵ֣חַ בָּרַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 26 ccomp _ Gloss=[was].fleeing|Ref=1SA_22:17!18|MId=o090220170181|Strong=1272|Frame=A0:090220170191;|Type=participle_active 29 ה֔וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_22:17!19|MId=o090220170191|Strong=1931|Type=personal 30-31 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:17!20|MId=o090220170201|Strong=2050b 31 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 32 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_22:17!20|MId=o090220170202|Strong=3808|Type=negative 32 גָל֖וּ גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 12 conj _ Gloss=they.uncovered|Ref=1SA_22:17!21|MId=o090220170211|Strong=1540|Frame=A0:090220170081;A1:090220170241;|Type=qatal 33 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_22:17!22|MId=o090220170221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 אָזְנִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 אָזְנ אֹזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 obj _ Gloss=ear|Ref=1SA_22:17!24|MId=o090220170241|Strong=0241 35 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_22:17!24|MId=o090220170242|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 36-37 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:17!25|MId=o090220170251|Strong=2050b 37 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 38 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_22:17!25|MId=o090220170252|Strong=3808|Type=negative 38 אָב֞וּ אָבָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 12 conj _ Gloss=they.were.willing|Ref=1SA_22:17!26|MId=o090220170261|Strong=0014|Frame=A0:090220170271;|Type=qatal 39 עַבְדֵ֤י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ Gloss=the.servants|Ref=1SA_22:17!27|MId=o090220170271|Strong=5650 40-41 הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_22:17!28|MId=o090220170281|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=1SA_22:17!28|MId=o090220170282|Strong=4428 42-43 לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_22:17!29|MId=o090220170291|Strong=3807a 43 שְׁלֹ֣חַ שָׁלַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 38 xcomp _ Gloss=stretch.out|Ref=1SA_22:17!29|MId=o090220170292|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:090220170271;A1:090220170311;|Type=infinitive_construct 44 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_22:17!30|MId=o090220170301|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 45-46 יָדָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 43 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_22:17!31|MId=o090220170311|Strong=3027 46 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=1SA_22:17!31|MId=o090220170312|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 47-48 לִפְגֹ֖עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 48 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_22:17!32|MId=o090220170321|Strong=3807a 48 פְגֹ֖עַ פָּגַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 43 advcl _ Gloss=fall|Ref=1SA_22:17!32|MId=o090220170322|Strong=6293|Frame=A0:090220170271;|Type=infinitive_construct 49-50 בְּכֹהֲנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 50 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_22:17!33|MId=o090220170331|Strong=0871a 50 כֹהֲנֵ֥י כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 48 obl _ Gloss=the.priests|Ref=1SA_22:17!33|MId=o090220170332|Strong=3548 51 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 50 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_22:17!34|MId=o090220170341|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 52 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 51 punct _ Ref=1SA_22:17!34|SpaceAfter=No 53 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 51 punct _ Ref=1SA_22:17!34 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | רָצִים *runners* | participle active · qal | | | | | | נִּצָּבִים *were\] standing* | participle active · niphal | | | | | | סֹבּוּ *turn round* | imperative · qal | | | | | | הָמִיתוּ *put to death* | imperative · hiphil | כֹּהֲנֵי *the priests* | | | | | יָֽדְעוּ *they knew* | qatal · qal | כֹּהֲנֵי *the priests* | בֹרֵחַ *\[was\] fleeing* | | | | בֹרֵחַ *\[was\] fleeing* | participle active · qal | הוּא *he* | | | | | **not** גָלוּ *they uncovered* | qatal · qal | כֹּהֲנֵי *the priests* | אָזְנ *ear* | | | | **not** אָבוּ *they were willing* | qatal · qal | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | | שְׁלֹחַ *stretch out* | infinitive construct · qal | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | יָד *hand* | | | | פְגֹעַ *fall* | infinitive construct · qal | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא לִרְהָטַיָא דְקַיְמִין עֲלוֹהִי אִסְתְּחָרוּ וּקְטֻלוּ כַּהֲנַיָא דַייָ אֲרֵי אַף יְדֵיהוֹן עִם דָוִד וַאֲרֵי יְדָעוּ אֲרֵי עֲרִיק הוּא וְלָא חַווּ לִי וְלָא אֲבוֹ עַבְדֵי מַלְכָּא לְאוֹשָׁטָא יַת יְדֵיהוֹן לְמִשְׁלַט בְּכַהֲנַיָא דַיָי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the king said unto the guard that stood about him: 'Turn, and slay the priests of the LORD; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew that he fled, and did not disclose it to me.' But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.653/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:592`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 22:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.16/) - next →: [1 Samuel 22:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.18/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/)