--- title: 1 Samuel 22:18 — And the king said to Doeg: 'Turn thou, and fall upon the priests.' A… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the king said to Doeg: 'Turn thou, and fall upon the priests.' And Doeg the Edomite turned, and he fell upon the priests, and he slew on that day fourscore and five persons that did wear a linen ephod. Who acts: king, thou, Doeg, fourscore persons. 1 Samuel 22:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/) / 22:18 # 1 Samuel 22:18 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** king, thou, Doeg, fourscore persons · **What happens:** say, turn, fall, slay, wear · **To what, where:** Doeg, priests, fourscore persons, linen ephod · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 22:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, thou, Doeg, fourscore persons — and what happens in the verse to Doeg, priests, fourscore persons, linen ephod, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְדוֹאֵ֔ג סֹ֣ב אַתָּ֔ה וּפְגַ֖ע בַּכֹּהֲנִ֑ים וַיִּסֹּ֞ב דּוֹאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִ֗י וַיִּפְגַּע־הוּא֙ בַּכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וַיָּ֣מֶת ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא שְׁמֹנִ֤ים וַחֲמִשָּׁה֙ אִ֔ישׁ נֹשֵׂ֖א אֵפ֥וֹד בָּֽד׃ [And the king said to Doeg: 'Turn thou, and fall upon the priests.' And Doeg the Edomite turned, and he fell upon the priests, and he slew on that day fourscore and five persons that did wear a linen ephod.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.654/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:593 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְדוֹאֵ֔ג סֹ֣ב אַתָּ֔ה וּפְגַ֖ע בַּכֹּהֲנִ֑ים וַיִּסֹּ֞ב דּוֹאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִ֗י וַיִּפְגַּע־הוּא֙ בַּכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וַיָּ֣מֶת ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא שְׁמֹנִ֤ים וַחֲמִשָּׁה֙ אִ֔ישׁ נֹשֵׂ֖א אֵפ֥וֹד בָּֽד׃ # verse = 1SA.22.18 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:18!1|MId=o090220180011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_22:18!1|MId=o090220180012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090220180022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_22:18!2|MId=o090220180021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_22:18!2|MId=o090220180022|Strong=4428 5-6 לְדוֹאֵ֔ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_22:18!4|MId=o090220180041|Strong=3807a 6 דוֹאֵ֔ג דֹּאֵג PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Doeg|Ref=1SA_22:18!4|MId=o090220180042|Strong=1673 7 סֹ֣ב סָבַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=turn.round|Ref=1SA_22:18!5|MId=o090220180051|Strong=5437|Frame=A0:090220180061;|Type=imperative 8 אַתָּ֔ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_22:18!6|MId=o090220180061|Strong=0859|Type=personal 9-10 וּפְגַ֖ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:18!7|MId=o090220180071|Strong=2050b 10 פְגַ֖ע פָּגַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 7 conj _ Gloss=fall|Ref=1SA_22:18!7|MId=o090220180072|Strong=6293|Frame=A0:090220180042;|Type=imperative 11-13 בַּכֹּהֲנִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_22:18!8|MId=o090220180081|Strong=0871a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_22:18!8|MId=o090220180081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 כֹּהֲנִ֑ים כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=priests|Ref=1SA_22:18!8|MId=o090220180082|Strong=3548 14-15 וַיִּסֹּ֞ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:18!9|MId=o090220180091|Strong=2050b 15 יִּסֹּ֞ב סָבַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.turned.round|Ref=1SA_22:18!9|MId=o090220180092|Strong=5437|Frame=A0:090220180111;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 דּוֹאֵ֣ג דֹּאֵג PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Doeg|Ref=1SA_22:18!11|MId=o090220180111|Strong=1673 17-18 הָאֲדֹמִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_22:18!12|MId=o090220180121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 אֲדֹמִ֗י אֲדֹמִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 appos _ Gloss=Edomite|Ref=1SA_22:18!12|MId=o090220180122|Strong=0130|Type=gentilic 19-20 וַיִּפְגַּע־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:18!13|MId=o090220180131|Strong=2050b 20 יִּפְגַּע־ פָּגַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.fell|Ref=1SA_22:18!13|MId=o090220180132|Strong=6293|Frame=A0:090220180141;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 הוּא֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_22:18!14|MId=o090220180141|Strong=1931|Type=personal 22-24 בַּכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_22:18!15|MId=o090220180151|Strong=0871a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_22:18!15|MId=o090220180151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 כֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=priests|Ref=1SA_22:18!15|MId=o090220180152|Strong=3548 25-26 וַיָּ֣מֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:18!16|MId=o090220180161|Strong=2050b 26 יָּ֣מֶת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.killed|Ref=1SA_22:18!16|MId=o090220180162|Strong=4191|Frame=AA:090220180111;A0:090220180211;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=1SA_22:18!16 28-30 בַּיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_22:18!17|MId=o090220180171|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_22:18!17|MId=o090220180171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_22:18!17|MId=o090220180172|Strong=3117 31-32 הַה֗וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_22:18!18|MId=o090220180181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 ה֗וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_22:18!18|MId=o090220180182|Strong=1931|Type=personal 33 שְׁמֹנִ֤ים שְׁמֹנֶה NUM _ Number=Plur 36 nummod _ Gloss=eighty|Ref=1SA_22:18!19|MId=o090220180191|Strong=8084|Type=cardinal_number 34-35 וַחֲמִשָּׁה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:18!20|MId=o090220180201|Strong=2050b 35 חֲמִשָּׁה֙ חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 conj _ Gloss=five|Ref=1SA_22:18!20|MId=o090220180202|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 36 אִ֔ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obj _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_22:18!21|MId=o090220180211|Strong=0376 37 נֹשֵׂ֖א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 36 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[who].bore|Ref=1SA_22:18!22|MId=o090220180221|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:090220180211;A1:090220180231;|Type=participle_active 38 אֵפ֥וֹד אֵפֹד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 obj _ Gloss=an.ephod|Ref=1SA_22:18!23|MId=o090220180231|Strong=0646 39 בָּֽד בַּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.linen|Ref=1SA_22:18!24|MId=o090220180241|Strong=0906|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=1SA_22:18!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | סֹב *turn round* | imperative · qal | אַתָּה *you* | | | | | פְגַע *fall* | imperative · qal | דוֹאֵג *Doeg* | | | | | יִּסֹּב *he turned round* | wayyiqtol · qal | דּוֹאֵג *Doeg* | | | | | יִּפְגַּע־ *he fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | הוּא *he* | | | | | יָּמֶת *he killed* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אִישׁ *man* | | | דּוֹאֵג *Doeg* | | נֹשֵׂא *\[who\] bore* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *man* | אֵפוֹד *an ephod* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא לְדוֹאֵג אִסְתְּחַר אַתְּ וּשְׁלוֹט בְּכַהֲנַיָא וְאִסְתְּחַר דוֹאֵג אֱדוֹמָאָה וּשְׁלַט הוּא בְּכַהֲנַיָא וּקְטַל בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא תַּמְנָן וְחַמְשָׁא גַבְרִין דְכַשְׁרִין לְמִלְבַּשׁ אֵפוֹד דְבוּץ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the king said to Doeg: 'Turn thou, and fall upon the priests.' And Doeg the Edomite turned, and he fell upon the priests, and he slew on that day fourscore and five persons that did wear a linen ephod.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.654/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:593`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 22:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.17/) - next →: [1 Samuel 22:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.19/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/)