--- title: 1 Samuel 22:2 — And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became captain over them; and there were with him about four hundred men. Who acts: one, David. 1 Samuel 22:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/) / 22:2 # 1 Samuel 22:2 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** one, David · **What happens:** be, discontent, gather, become · **To what, where:** distress, debt, one, brethren, captain This is 1 Samuel 22:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — one, David — and what happens in the verse to distress, debt, one, brethren, captain, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּ אֵ֠לָיו כָּל־אִ֨ישׁ מָצ֜וֹק וְכָל־אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ל֤וֹ נֹשֶׁא֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ מַר־נֶ֔פֶשׁ וַיְהִ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְשָׂ֑ר וַיִּהְי֣וּ עִמּ֔וֹ כְּאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ׃ [And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became captain over them; and there were with him about four hundred men.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.638/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:577 # text = וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּ אֵ֠לָיו כָּל־אִ֨ישׁ מָצ֜וֹק וְכָל־אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ל֤וֹ נֹשֶׁא֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ מַר־נֶ֔פֶשׁ וַיְהִ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְשָׂ֑ר וַיִּהְי֣וּ עִמּ֔וֹ כְּאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ׃ # verse = 1SA.22.2 1-2 וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:2!1|MId=o090220020011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּ קָבַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.gathered.together|Ref=1SA_22:2!1|MId=o090220020012|Strong=6908|Frame=A0:090220020041;090220020071;090220020121;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֵ֠לָיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֵ֠לָי אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_22:2!2|MId=o090220020021|Strong=0413 4 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_22:2!2|MId=o090220020022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=every|Ref=1SA_22:2!3|MId=o090220020031|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6 אִ֨ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_22:2!4|MId=o090220020041|Strong=0376 7 מָצ֜וֹק מָצוֹק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 appos _ Gloss=of.distress|Ref=1SA_22:2!5|MId=o090220020051|Strong=4689 8-9 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:2!6|MId=o090220020061|Strong=2050b 9 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=1SA_22:2!6|MId=o090220020062|Strong=3605 10 אִ֨ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_22:2!7|MId=o090220020071|Strong=0376 11 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=1SA_22:2!8|MId=o090220020081|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 ל֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ל לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=[belonged].to|Ref=1SA_22:2!9|MId=o090220020091|Strong=3807a 13 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_22:2!9|MId=o090220020092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14 נֹשֶׁא֙ נָשָׁא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=a.creditor|Ref=1SA_22:2!10|MId=o090220020101|Strong=5378|Type=participle_active 15-16 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:2!11|MId=o090220020111|Strong=2050b 16 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=1SA_22:2!11|MId=o090220020112|Strong=3605 17 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_22:2!12|MId=o090220020121|Strong=0376 18 מַר־ מַר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 amod _ Gloss=bitter|Ref=1SA_22:2!13|MId=o090220020131|Strong=4751|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 19 נֶ֔פֶשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.soul|Ref=1SA_22:2!14|MId=o090220020141|Strong=5315 20-21 וַיְהִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:2!15|MId=o090220020151|Strong=2050b 21 יְהִ֥י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.became|Ref=1SA_22:2!15|MId=o090220020152|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090220010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 22-23 עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=1SA_22:2!16|MId=o090220020161|Strong=5921 23 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_22:2!16|MId=o090220020162|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24-25 לְשָׂ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=1SA_22:2!17|MId=o090220020171|Strong=3807a 25 שָׂ֑ר שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=commander|Ref=1SA_22:2!17|MId=o090220020172|Strong=8269 26-27 וַיִּהְי֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:2!18|MId=o090220020181|Strong=2050b 27 יִּהְי֣וּ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.were|Ref=1SA_22:2!18|MId=o090220020182|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090220020221;|Type=wayyiqtol 28-29 עִמּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_22:2!19|MId=o090220020191|Strong=5973 29 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_22:2!19|MId=o090220020192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30-31 כְּאַרְבַּ֥ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=1SA_22:2!20|MId=o090220020201|Strong=3509a 31 אַרְבַּ֥ע אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 33 nummod _ Gloss=four|Ref=1SA_22:2!20|MId=o090220020202|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 32 מֵא֖וֹת מֵאָה NUM _ Number=Plur 31 flat _ Gloss=hundred(s)|Ref=1SA_22:2!21|MId=o090220020211|Strong=3967|Type=cardinal_number 33 אִֽישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_22:2!22|MId=o090220020221|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=1SA_22:2!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּֽתְקַבְּצוּ *they gathered together* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | אִישׁ *man* + אִישׁ *man* + אִישׁ *man* | | | | | יְהִי *he became* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּהְיוּ *they were* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִֽישׁ *man* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִתְכְּנִישׁוּ לְוָתֵיהּ כָּל גְבַר מָעִיק רוּחַ וְכָל גְבַר דִי לֵיהּ מָרֵי רְשׁוּ וְכָל גְבַר מָרִיר נְפַשׁ וַהֲוָה עֲלֵיהוֹן לְרַבָּא וַהֲווֹ עִמֵיהּ כְּאַרְבַּע מְאָה גַבְרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became captain over them; and there were with him about four hundred men.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.638/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:577`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 22:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.1/) - next →: [1 Samuel 22:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.3/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/)