--- title: 1 Samuel 22:6 — And Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him; now Saul was sitting in Gibeah, under the tamarisk-tree in Ramah, with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him. Who acts: Saul, men, servants. 1 Samuel 22:6 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targu --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/) / 22:6 # 1 Samuel 22:6 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, men, servants · **What happens:** hear, discover, be, sit, stand · **To what, where:** David, Gibeah · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 22:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, men, servants — and what happens in the verse to David, Gibeah, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל כִּ֚י נוֹדַ֣ע דָּוִ֔ד וַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ וְשָׁאוּל֩ יוֹשֵׁ֨ב בַּגִּבְעָ֜ה תַּֽחַת־הָאֶ֤שֶׁל בָּֽרָמָה֙ וַחֲנִית֣וֹ בְיָד֔וֹ וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו נִצָּבִ֥ים עָלָֽיו׃ [And Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him; now Saul was sitting in Gibeah, under the tamarisk-tree in Ramah, with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.642/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:581 # text = וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל כִּ֚י נוֹדַ֣ע דָּוִ֔ד וַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ וְשָׁאוּל֩ יוֹשֵׁ֨ב בַּגִּבְעָ֜ה תַּֽחַת־הָאֶ֤שֶׁל בָּֽרָמָה֙ וַחֲנִית֣וֹ בְיָד֔וֹ וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו נִצָּבִ֥ים עָלָֽיו׃ # verse = 1SA.22.6 1-2 וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:6!1|MId=o090220060011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.heard|Ref=1SA_22:6!1|MId=o090220060012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:090220060021;A1:090220060041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_22:6!2|MId=o090220060021|Strong=7586 4 כִּ֚י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_22:6!3|MId=o090220060031|Strong=3588 5 נוֹדַ֣ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he.was.known|Ref=1SA_22:6!4|MId=o090220060041|Strong=3045|Frame=A1:090220060051;090220060062;|Type=qatal 6 דָּוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_22:6!5|MId=o090220060051|Strong=1732 7-8 וַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=1SA_22:6!6|MId=o090220060061|Strong=2050b 8 אֲנָשִׁ֖ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_22:6!6|MId=o090220060062|Strong=0376 9 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_22:6!7|MId=o090220060071|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10-11 אִתּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[were].with|Ref=1SA_22:6!8|MId=o090220060081|Strong=0854 11 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_22:6!8|MId=o090220060082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 וְשָׁאוּל֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:6!9|MId=o090220060091|Strong=2050b 13 שָׁאוּל֩ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_22:6!9|MId=o090220060092|Strong=7586 14 יוֹשֵׁ֨ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].sitting|Ref=1SA_22:6!10|MId=o090220060101|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090220060092;|Type=participle_active 15-17 בַּגִּבְעָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=1SA_22:6!11|MId=o090220060111|Strong=0871a 16 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_22:6!11|MId=o090220060111ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 גִּבְעָ֜ה גִּבְעָה PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Gibeah|Ref=1SA_22:6!11|MId=o090220060112|Strong=1390 18 תַּֽחַת־ תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=1SA_22:6!12|MId=o090220060121|Strong=8478|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 הָאֶ֤שֶׁל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the.tamarisk|Ref=1SA_22:6!13|MId=o090220060131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 אֶ֤שֶׁל אֵשֶׁל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=tree|Ref=1SA_22:6!13|MId=o090220060132|Strong=0815 21-23 בָּֽרָמָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בָּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=1SA_22:6!14|MId=o090220060141|Strong=0871a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the.high|Ref=1SA_22:6!14|MId=o090220060141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 רָמָה֙ רָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=place|Ref=1SA_22:6!14|MId=o090220060142|Strong=7413 24-26 וַחֲנִית֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:6!15|MId=o090220060151|Strong=2050b 25 חֲנִית חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=spear|Ref=1SA_22:6!15|MId=o090220060152|Strong=2595 26 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_22:6!15|MId=o090220060153|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-29 בְיָד֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=1SA_22:6!16|MId=o090220060161|Strong=0871a 28 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_22:6!16|MId=o090220060162|Strong=3027 29 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_22:6!16|MId=o090220060163|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30-31 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:6!17|MId=o090220060171|Strong=2050b 31 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_22:6!17|MId=o090220060172|Strong=3605 32-33 עֲבָדָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 עֲבָדָ֖י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=servants|Ref=1SA_22:6!18|MId=o090220060181|Strong=5650 33 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_22:6!18|MId=o090220060182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34 נִצָּבִ֥ים נָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].standing|Ref=1SA_22:6!19|MId=o090220060191|Strong=5324|Frame=A0:090220060181;|Type=participle_active 35-36 עָלָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 עָלָֽי עַל ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_22:6!20|MId=o090220060201|Strong=5921 36 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_22:6!20|MId=o090220060202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=1SA_22:6!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמַע *he heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | נוֹדַע *he was known* | | | | נוֹדַע *he was known* | qatal · niphal | | דָּוִד *David* + אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | יוֹשֵׁב *\[was\] sitting* | participle active · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | נִצָּבִים *\[were\] standing* | participle active · niphal | עֲבָדָי *servants* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁמַע שָׁאוּל אֲרֵי אִתְיְדַע דָוִד וְגַבְרַיָא דִי עִמֵיהּ וְשָׁאוּל יָתֵיב בְּגִבְעָתָא תְּחוֹת אַשְׁלָא בְרָמָתָא וּמוּרְנִיתֵיהּ בִּידֵיהּ וְכָל עַבְדוֹהִי קַיְמִין עֲלוֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him; now Saul was sitting in Gibeah, under the tamarisk-tree in Ramah, with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.642/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:581`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 22:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.5/) - next →: [1 Samuel 22:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.7/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/)